Oie S, Oomaki M, Yorioka K, Tatsumi T, Amasaki M, Fukuda T, Hakuno H, Nagano K, Matsuda M, Hirata N, Miyano N, Kamiya A
Department of Pharmacy, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Japan.
J Hosp Infect. 1998 Jan;38(1):61-5. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6701(98)90175-x.
We examined the following samples of water from 10 hospitals for microbial contamination: water obtained using an ultra filtration system (UF water), a reverse osmosis system (RO water), a water distillation system (distilled water) and tap water. UF water and RO water are used for handwashing before surgery, and distilled water for the preparation of drugs. All 10 samples of tap water examined were contaminated with < 10 colony forming units (cfu)/mL. Thirteen (68%) of 19 samples of UF water, nine (53%) of 17 samples of RO water and 15 (79%) of 19 samples of distilled water were contaminated with 10(1)-10(4) cfu/mL. The majority of micro-organisms were non-fermentative bacteria such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis and CDC gr. IV C-2. Japanese hospitals commonly use UF water and RO water for preoperative handwashing under the assumption that it is sterile. Our results suggest, however, that these types of water are inferior microbiologically to tap water. Distilled water from the dispensary was also contaminated with micro-organisms. The available chlorine content of tap water was 0.17-0.42 ppm and that of UF water (from tap water) 0-0.06 ppm. There was no available chlorine in RO water or distilled water (each from tap water). The reduction or disappearance of available chlorine appears to be associated with microbial contamination of UF water, RO water and distilled water.
我们检测了10家医院的以下水样的微生物污染情况：使用超滤系统获得的水（超滤水）、反渗透系统获得的水（反渗透水）、水蒸馏系统获得的水（蒸馏水）以及自来水。超滤水和反渗透水用于手术前洗手，蒸馏水用于药物配制。所有检测的10份自来水样本的污染菌落形成单位（cfu）均<10/mL。19份超滤水样本中有13份（68%）、17份反渗透水样本中有9份（53%）以及19份蒸馏水样本中有15份（79%）的污染菌落形成单位为10(1)-10(4) cfu/mL。大多数微生物是非发酵菌，如少动鞘氨醇单胞菌和疾病控制与预防中心IV C-2组细菌。日本医院通常在认为超滤水和反渗透水无菌的前提下将其用于术前洗手。然而，我们的结果表明，这些类型的水在微生物学方面不如自来水。药房的蒸馏水也受到微生物污染。自来水的有效氯含量为0.17 - 0.42 ppm，超滤水（来自自来水）的有效氯含量为0 - 0.06 ppm。反渗透水和蒸馏水（均来自自来水）中均无有效氯。有效氯的减少或消失似乎与超滤水、反渗透水和蒸馏水的微生物污染有关。
