Pereira L A, Loomis D, Conceição G M, Braga A L, Arcas R M, Kishi H S, Singer J M, Böhm G M, Saldiva P H
Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jun;106(6):325-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106325.
The associations among daily counts of intrauterine mortality and pollutant concentrations (NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and particulate matter (3/4)10 microm) were investigated for the period ranging from January 1991 to December 1992 in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We used Poisson regression techniques, adjusted for season and weather. The association between intrauterine mortality and air pollution was strong for NO2 (coefficient = 0.0013/ microg/m3; p<0.01) but lesser for SO2 (coefficient = 0.0005/ microg/m3; p<0.10) and CO (coefficient = 0.0223/ppm; p<0.10). A significant association was observed when an index that combined these three pollutants was considered in the models instead of considering each pollutant individually (p<0.01). These associations exhibited a short time lag, not over 5 days. In addition, some evidence of fetal exposure to air pollution was obtained by disclosing a significant association between the levels of carboxyhemoglobin of blood sampled from the umbilical cord and ambient CO levels in children delivered by nonsmoking pregnant women in the period from May to July 1995. Our results suggest that air pollution in São Paulo may promote adverse health effects on fetuses.
1991年1月至1992年12月期间，在巴西圣保罗市，研究了宫内死亡率的每日计数与污染物浓度（二氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、臭氧和粒径小于等于10微米的颗粒物）之间的关联。我们采用了泊松回归技术，并对季节和天气进行了校正。宫内死亡率与空气污染之间的关联，二氧化氮的关联性很强（系数=0.0013/微克/立方米；p<0.01），而二氧化硫（系数=0.0005/微克/立方米；p<0.10）和一氧化碳（系数=0.0223/ppm；p<0.10）的关联性较弱。当模型中考虑的是这三种污染物组合而成的指数而非单独考虑每种污染物时，观察到显著关联（p<0.01）。这些关联呈现出较短的时间滞后，不超过5天。此外，通过揭示1995年5月至7月期间非吸烟孕妇分娩的儿童脐带血中碳氧血红蛋白水平与环境一氧化碳水平之间的显著关联，获得了胎儿暴露于空气污染的一些证据。我们的结果表明，圣保罗的空气污染可能会对胎儿产生不良健康影响。
