Havas S, Anliker J, Damron D, Langenberg P, Ballesteros M, Feldman R
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1998 Aug;88(8):1161-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.8.1161.
This National Cancer Institute-funded study sought to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among women served by the WIC program in Maryland.
Over a 2-year period, a multifaceted intervention program using a randomized crossover design sought to increase fruit and vegetable consumption at 16 WIC program sites in Baltimore City and 6 Maryland counties. Participants were surveyed at baseline, 2 months postintervention, and 1 year later.
Two months postintervention, mean daily consumption had increased by 0.56 +/- 0.11 servings in intervention participants and 0.13 +/- 0.07 servings in control participants (P = .002). Intervention participants also showed greater changes in stages of change, knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Changes in consumption were closely related to number of nutrition sessions attended, baseline stage of change, race, and education. One year later, mean consumption had increased by an additional 0.27 servings in both intervention and control participants.
Dietary changes to prevent cancer can be achieved and sustained in this hard-to-reach, low-income population. However, many obstacles must be overcome to achieve such changes.
这项由美国国立癌症研究所资助的研究旨在提高马里兰州妇女、婴儿与儿童营养补充计划（WIC）所服务的女性的水果和蔬菜摄入量。
在两年时间里，一项采用随机交叉设计的多方面干预计划试图提高巴尔的摩市16个WIC计划站点以及马里兰州6个县的水果和蔬菜摄入量。在基线期、干预后2个月以及1年后对参与者进行调查。
干预后2个月，干预组参与者的日均摄入量增加了0.56±0.11份，对照组参与者增加了0.13±0.07份（P = 0.002）。干预组参与者在改变阶段、知识、态度和自我效能方面也表现出更大的变化。摄入量的变化与参加营养课程的次数、基线改变阶段、种族和教育程度密切相关。1年后，干预组和对照组参与者的平均摄入量又分别增加了0.27份。
在这个难以接触到的低收入人群中，可以实现并维持预防癌症的饮食改变。然而，要实现这种改变必须克服许多障碍。
