McGregor K, Chang B J, Mee B J, Riley T V
Department of Microbiology, The University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998 Apr;17(4):219-34. doi: 10.1007/BF01699978.
Moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen of humans. It is a common cause of respiratory infections, particularly otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly. Colonisation of the upper respiratory tract appears to be associated with infection in many cases, although this association is not well understood. Nosocomial transmission is being increasingly documented and the emergence of this organism as a cause of bacteremia is of concern. The widespread production of a beta-lactamase enzyme renders Moraxella catarrhalis resistant to the penicillins. Cephalosporins and beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations are effective for treatment of beta-lactamase producers, and the organism remains nearly universally susceptible to the macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Two major beta-lactamase forms, BRO-1 and BRO-2, have been described on the basis of their isoelectric focusing patterns. The BRO-1 enzyme is found in the majority of beta-lactamase-producing isolates and confers a higher level of resistance to strains than BRO-2. The BRO enzymes are membrane associated and their production appears to be mediated by chromosomal determinants which are transmissible by an unknown mechanism. The origin of these novel proteins is unknown.
卡他莫拉菌是人类重要的病原菌。它是呼吸道感染的常见病因，尤其是儿童中耳炎和老年人下呼吸道感染。在许多情况下，上呼吸道定植似乎与感染有关，尽管这种关联尚未完全明确。医院内传播的记录越来越多，该菌作为菌血症病因的出现令人担忧。卡他莫拉菌广泛产生β-内酰胺酶，使其对青霉素耐药。头孢菌素和β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联合用药对产β-内酰胺酶菌株有效，该菌对大环内酯类、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类以及甲氧苄啶和磺胺甲恶唑的联合用药几乎普遍敏感。根据等电聚焦图谱，已描述了两种主要的β-内酰胺酶形式，即BRO-1和BRO-2。大多数产β-内酰胺酶分离株中可发现BRO-1酶，与BRO-2相比，它赋予菌株更高水平的耐药性。BRO酶与细胞膜相关，其产生似乎由染色体决定因素介导，这些因素通过未知机制进行传播。这些新型蛋白质的起源尚不清楚。
