Henry S A, Patton-Vogt J L
Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1998;61:133-79. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60826-0.
Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is an excellent and an increasingly important model for the study of fundamental questions in eukaryotic cell biology and genetic regulation. The fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, although not as intensively studied as S. cerevisiae, also has many advantages as a model system. In this review, we discuss progress over the past several decades in biochemical and molecular genetic studies of the regulation of phospholipid metabolism in these two organisms and higher eukaryotes. In S. cerevisiae, following the recent completion of the yeast genome project, a very high percentage of the gene-enzyme relationships in phospholipid metabolism have been assigned and the remaining assignments are expected to be completed rapidly. Complex transcriptional regulation, sensitive to the availability of phospholipid precusors, as well as growth phase, coordinates the expression of the structural genes encoding these enzymes in S. cerevisiae. In this article, this regulation is described, the mechanism by which the cell senses the ongoing metabolic activity in the pathways for phospholipid biosynthesis is discussed, and a model is presented. Recent information relating to the role of phosphatidylcholine turnover in S. cerevisiae and its relationship to the secretory pathway, as well as to the regulation of phospholipid metabolism, is also presented. Similarities in the role of phospholipase D-mediated phosphatidylcholine turnover in the secretory process in yeast and mammals lend further credence to yeast as a model system.
面包酵母，即酿酒酵母，是研究真核细胞生物学和基因调控基本问题的优秀且日益重要的模型。裂殖酵母，即粟酒裂殖酵母，尽管不像酿酒酵母那样得到深入研究，但作为一个模型系统也有许多优点。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了过去几十年里在这两种生物以及高等真核生物中磷脂代谢调控的生化和分子遗传学研究进展。在酿酒酵母中，随着酵母基因组计划最近的完成，磷脂代谢中基因与酶的关系已有很高比例得到确定，预计其余的确定工作也将迅速完成。复杂的转录调控对磷脂前体的可用性以及生长阶段敏感，它协调了酿酒酵母中编码这些酶的结构基因的表达。在本文中，描述了这种调控，讨论了细胞感知磷脂生物合成途径中正在进行的代谢活动的机制，并提出了一个模型。还介绍了与酿酒酵母中磷脂酰胆碱周转的作用及其与分泌途径以及磷脂代谢调控的关系有关的最新信息。酵母和哺乳动物中磷脂酶D介导的磷脂酰胆碱周转在分泌过程中的作用相似，这进一步证明酵母是一个模型系统。
