Dittrich A
PSIN Psychologisches Institut für Beratung und Forschung, Zürich, Switzerland.
Pharmacopsychiatry. 1998 Jul;31 Suppl 2:80-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-979351.
The APZ questionnaire was developed in order to explore hypotheses on ASCs. First -- in a series of 11 experiments using different induction methods on N = 393 healthy subjects -- the hypothesis was tested that ASCs have major dimensions in common irrespective of the mode of their induction. In the International Study on Altered States of Consciousness (ISASC) the external validity of the experimental results was assessed. The ISASC was carried out on a total of N = 1133 subjects in six countries. The main results of the experimental studies were corroborated in the field studies. The results can be summarized as follows: the common denominator of ASCs is described by three oblique dimensions, designated as "Oceanic Boundlessness (OSE)", "Dread of Ego Dissolution (AIA)" and "Visionary Restructuralization (VUS)". The reliability and validity of the scales are satisfactory. Tested versions of the APZ scales are available in English (UK, USA), German, Italian and Portuguese. Psychometrically as yet untested versions exist in Dutch, Finnish, French, Greek, Spanish and Russian. The APZ questionnaire has become the international standard for the assessment of ASCs, thus helping to integrate research. A psychometrically improved version exists in German (OAV questionnaire). The BETA questionnaire, which measures the dimensions "Vigilance Reduction (VIR)" and "Auditive Alteration (AVE)" is also available in German. These dimensions are most likely etiology-dependent.
APZ问卷是为了探索关于意识改变状态（ASC）的假设而编制的。首先，在对393名健康受试者进行了一系列11次使用不同诱导方法的实验中，对ASC无论其诱导方式如何都具有共同主要维度的假设进行了检验。在国际意识改变状态研究（ISASC）中，对实验结果的外部效度进行了评估。ISASC在六个国家的总共1133名受试者身上进行。实验研究的主要结果在现场研究中得到了证实。结果可总结如下：ASC的共同特征由三个斜交维度描述，分别指定为“海洋般的无限感（OSE）”、“对自我解体的恐惧（AIA）”和“幻想性重构（VUS）”。这些量表的信度和效度令人满意。APZ量表的测试版本有英文（英国、美国）、德文、意大利文和葡萄牙文版本。荷兰文、芬兰文、法文、希腊文、西班牙文和俄文版本在心理测量学上尚未经过测试。APZ问卷已成为评估ASC的国际标准，从而有助于整合研究。德文有一个心理测量学上改进的版本（OAV问卷）。测量“警觉性降低（VIR）”和“听觉改变（AVE）”维度的BETA问卷也有德文版本。这些维度很可能与病因有关。
