Hoch Hannah, McComas Jennifer J, Johnson LeAnn, Faranda Nicky, Guenther Shayna L
The Graduate Center, CUNY, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2002 Summer;35(2):171-81. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-171.
Three boys with autism participated in a study of the effects of magnitude and quality of reinforcement on choice responding. Two concurrent response alternatives were arranged: (a) to play in an area where a peer or sibling was located, or (b) to play in an area where there was no peer or sibling. During one condition, the magnitude (i.e., duration of access to toys) or quality (level of preference) of reinforcement provided for both responses was equal. During the other condition, the magnitude or quality of reinforcement was relatively greater for choosing the play area where the peer or sibling was located than the area where the peer or sibling was not located. Results showed that after repeated exposure to the unequal magnitude or quality condition, the participant increasingly allocated his responses to the play area where the peer or sibling was located. For 2 participants, this pattern of responding was maintained in the subsequent equal magnitude or quality condition. Overall, the analysis suggests that the dimensions of magnitude and quality of reinforcement can be arranged to influence choice responding in favor of playing near a peer or sibling rather than playing alone.
三名患有自闭症的男孩参与了一项关于强化的量和质量对选择反应影响的研究。安排了两种同时出现的反应选项：(a) 在有同伴或兄弟姐妹的区域玩耍，或 (b) 在没有同伴或兄弟姐妹的区域玩耍。在一种条件下，为两种反应提供的强化的量（即玩玩具的时长）或质量（偏好程度）是相等的。在另一种条件下，选择有同伴或兄弟姐妹的玩耍区域所获得强化的量或质量，比选择没有同伴或兄弟姐妹的区域相对更大。结果表明，在反复接触不平等的量或质量条件后，参与者越来越多地将其反应分配到有同伴或兄弟姐妹的玩耍区域。对于两名参与者来说，这种反应模式在随后的等量或等质量条件下得以维持。总体而言，分析表明，可以安排强化的量和质量维度，以影响选择反应，使其倾向于在同伴或兄弟姐妹附近玩耍而非独自玩耍。
