Jolicoeur P
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Mem Cognit. 1998 Sep;26(5):1014-32. doi: 10.3758/bf03201180.
Two critical target stimuli (T1 and T2) were embedded in a stream of white letters shown on a black background, using a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm (RSVP, 100 msec/item). T1 was a red H or S; T2 was an X or a Y. Performance in a two-alternative discrimination on T2 was impaired when processing of T1 was required--a result often called an attentional blink (AB). In previous work, the response in Task1 has been an unspeeded and delayed response at the end of the trial. Three experiments compared performances in Task2 that depended on whether Task1 required an unspeeded delayed response or a speeded immediate response. A larger AB was found when a speeded response was required. Furthermore, in the speeded conditions, faster responses in Task1 were associated with a smaller and shorter AB effect than were slower responses. The results show that manipulations affecting a relatively late stage of processing--response selection--affect the magnitude and duration of the AB phenomenon. A new central inhibition theory is proposed to account for these results. According to this theory, the AB is similar to the psychological refractory period effect and is caused by central postponement of short-term consolidation of T2.
使用快速序列视觉呈现范式（RSVP，每个项目100毫秒），将两个关键目标刺激（T1和T2）嵌入到黑色背景上显示的白色字母流中。T1是红色的H或S；T2是X或Y。当需要处理T1时，对T2进行二选一辨别任务的表现会受到损害——这一结果通常被称为注意瞬脱（AB）。在之前的研究中，任务1中的反应是在试验结束时不要求速度且延迟的反应。三项实验比较了任务2中的表现，其取决于任务1是需要不要求速度的延迟反应还是要求速度的即时反应。当要求快速反应时，发现了更大的注意瞬脱。此外，在快速反应条件下，任务1中更快的反应与比慢反应更小、更短的注意瞬脱效应相关。结果表明，影响相对较晚加工阶段——反应选择——的操作会影响注意瞬脱现象的程度和持续时间。提出了一种新的中枢抑制理论来解释这些结果。根据该理论，注意瞬脱类似于心理不应期效应，是由T2短期巩固的中枢延迟引起的。
