Wewers M D, Diaz P T, Wewers M E, Lowe M P, Nagaraja H N, Clanton T L
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Statistics College of Mathematics, Physical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Nov;158(5 Pt 1):1543-9. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9802035.
Lung lymphocyte numbers are frequently increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in the absence of lung infection, and may play a critical role in viral surveillance and protection against new infections. In this context, cigarette smoking by HIV-infected individuals has been associated with a relative increase in the peripheral blood CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count as compared with that of nonsmokers. Because lung defense is local, the aim of the present study was to determine whether cigarette smoking had a significant impact on local lung defenses in HIV-infected individuals. The numbers and subtypes of bronchoalveolar lymphocytes and the ability of lung lavage cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines were compared in 58 smokers and 34 nonsmokers. In contrast to a trend toward an increase in peripheral blood CD4(+) cell counts among nonsmokers, smokers had significant depressions in both the percentage and absolute numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). A decrease in CD4(+)/CD8(+) cell ratios was also seen with smoking. In addition, production of both interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was suppressed with cigarette smoking. These observations show that cigarette smoking is associated with suppression in localized lung defenses, and suggest that smoking cessation may have a positive impact on lung defenses in HIV-infected smokers.
在没有肺部感染的情况下，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者的肺部淋巴细胞数量常常增加，这可能在病毒监测和预防新感染中起关键作用。在这种情况下，与不吸烟者相比，HIV感染者吸烟与外周血CD4(+) T淋巴细胞计数相对增加有关。由于肺部防御是局部性的，本研究的目的是确定吸烟是否对HIV感染者的局部肺部防御有显著影响。比较了58名吸烟者和34名不吸烟者的支气管肺泡淋巴细胞数量和亚型，以及肺灌洗细胞产生促炎细胞因子的能力。与不吸烟者外周血CD4(+) 细胞计数有增加趋势相反，吸烟者支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中CD4(+) 和CD8(+) 细胞的百分比和绝对数量均显著降低。吸烟还导致CD4(+)/CD8(+) 细胞比值下降。此外，吸烟会抑制白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的产生。这些观察结果表明，吸烟与局部肺部防御功能受抑制有关，并表明戒烟可能对HIV感染吸烟者的肺部防御有积极影响。
