Jaye A, Magnusen A F, Sadiq A D, Corrah T, Whittle H C
Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia.
J Clin Invest. 1998 Dec 1;102(11):1969-77. doi: 10.1172/JCI3290.
The study of cytotoxic T cell responses to measles antigens during infection and after vaccination may provide insight into the immunopathology of the infection. It will also provide a knowledge of the immunity conferred by wild or attenuated virus, which will help in the design of new vaccines. Direct cytotoxic T cell responses, which did not require in vitro restimulation, were measured from peripheral blood by a standard 51Cr-release assay in 35 patients with acute measles, using HLA class I matched allogeneic B cells as targets. 77% showed specific responses to measles fusion protein, 69% to the hemagglutinin, and 50% to the nucleoprotein. These responses, which were related to severity of disease and history of previous vaccination, had waned by 14-24 wk after measles when memory responses to the same antigens could be elicited by restimulation in 71% of the 13 patients tested. A similar pattern followed vaccination: direct cytotoxic responses to fusion and hemagglutinin proteins were shown in 70% of the 20 children tested while 50% responded to the nucleoprotein. These responses, which were mediated by both CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells, faded over 6 wk when memory responses could be restimulated. Thus, a vigorous cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to fusion, hemagglutinin, and nucleoproteins is important in both natural and vaccine-induced immunity to measles.
对感染期间及接种疫苗后细胞毒性T细胞对麻疹抗原的反应进行研究，可能有助于深入了解该感染的免疫病理学。这也将提供关于野生型或减毒病毒所赋予免疫力的知识，有助于新型疫苗的设计。通过标准的51Cr释放试验，以HLA I类匹配的同种异体B细胞为靶细胞，检测了35例急性麻疹患者外周血中无需体外再刺激的直接细胞毒性T细胞反应。77%的患者对麻疹融合蛋白有特异性反应，69%对血凝素反应，50%对核蛋白反应。这些反应与疾病严重程度及既往接种史有关，在麻疹后14 - 24周时减弱，而在对13例受试患者中的71%进行再刺激时，可引发对相同抗原的记忆反应。接种疫苗后也出现类似模式：在20名受试儿童中，70%对融合蛋白和血凝素蛋白表现出直接细胞毒性反应，50%对核蛋白有反应。这些反应由CD8(+)和CD4(+)细胞介导，在6周内消退，此时可再刺激出记忆反应。因此，对融合蛋白、血凝素和核蛋白的强烈细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应在麻疹的自然免疫和疫苗诱导免疫中都很重要。
