Bonin P, Fayol M, Peereman R
LAPSCO/C.N.R.S., Université Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 1998 Sep;99(3):311-28. doi: 10.1016/s0001-6918(98)00017-1.
Three experiments used the masked priming paradigm to investigate the role of orthographic and phonological information in written picture naming. In all the experiments, participants had to write the names of pictures as quickly as possible under three different priming conditions. Nonword primes could be: (1) phonologically and orthographically related to the picture name; (2) orthographically related as in (1) but phonologically related to a lesser degree than in (1); (3) orthographically and phonologically unrelated except for the first consonant (or consonant cluster). Orthographic priming effects were observed with a prime exposure duration of 34 ms (Experiments 1 and 2) and of 51 ms (Experiment 3). In none of the experiments, did homophony between primes and picture names yield an additional advantage. Taken together, these findings support the view of the direct retrieval of orthographic information through lexical access in written picture naming, and thus argue against the traditional view that the retrieval of orthographic codes of obligatorily mediated by phonology.
三项实验采用掩蔽启动范式，以研究正字法和语音信息在书面图片命名中的作用。在所有实验中，参与者必须在三种不同的启动条件下尽快写出图片的名称。非词启动项可以是：(1) 在语音和正字法上与图片名称相关；(2) 与(1) 中的情况在正字法上相关，但在语音上的相关程度低于(1)；(3) 除首辅音（或辅音丛）外，在语音和正字法上均不相关。在启动刺激呈现持续时间为34毫秒时（实验1和2）以及51毫秒时（实验3），观察到了正字法启动效应。在任何实验中，启动项与图片名称之间的同音现象均未产生额外优势。综合来看，这些发现支持了在书面图片命名中通过词汇通达直接提取正字法信息的观点，因此反对传统观点，即正字法编码的提取必然由语音介导。
