Bowers J S, Vigliocco G, Haan R
Department of Psychology, Rice University.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1998 Dec;24(6):1705-19. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.24.6.1705.
A series of experiments assessed masked priming for letters and words that are visually similar (SIM) and dissimilar (DIS) in upper- and lowercase formats. For letters, robust DIS priming was obtained in a naming task, but this priming did not extend to a variety of non-naming tasks. For words, robust DIS priming was obtained in both naming and non-naming tasks. SIM letter and word priming extended to all tasks, but the effects were generally small for letters. The restricted set of conditions for DIS letter priming suggests that this priming is mediated by phonological-articulatory processes, and the generality of DIS word priming argues that abstract orthographic codes mediate these effects. Consistent with this conclusion, priming between homophones (for both letters and words) was found in a naming task, but little word homophone priming was obtained in a lexical decision task.
一系列实验评估了大写和小写格式下视觉上相似（SIM）和不相似（DIS）的字母及单词的掩蔽启动效应。对于字母，在命名任务中获得了显著的DIS启动效应，但这种启动效应并未扩展到各种非命名任务。对于单词，在命名和非命名任务中均获得了显著的DIS启动效应。SIM字母和单词启动效应扩展到了所有任务，但字母的效应通常较小。DIS字母启动效应的条件受限表明，这种启动效应是由语音发音过程介导的，而DIS单词启动效应的普遍性表明，抽象的正字法代码介导了这些效应。与这一结论一致，在命名任务中发现了同音异形词（字母和单词）之间的启动效应，但在词汇判断任务中几乎没有获得单词同音异形词启动效应。
