Department of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
Faculty of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Waseda University, 1-24-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Mem Cognit. 2021 Jan;49(1):148-162. doi: 10.3758/s13421-020-01080-y.
Norris, Kinoshita and colleagues (Kinoshita & Norris, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35(1), 1-18, 2009; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137(3), 434-455, 2010; Norris & Kinoshita, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(1), 194-204, 2008) have suggested that the masked priming same-different task (SDT) is an excellent tool for studying the orthographic coding process because, in most circumstances, performance in that task is driven entirely by orthographic codes. More specifically, although evidence of phonological influences (i.e., phonological priming effects in the SDT) have been reported, Kinoshita, Gayed, and Norris (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 44(11), 1661-1671, 2018) have claimed that phonological priming does not arise in the SDT when the prime and target are written in the same script and the targets are words, the most typical experimental situation. Indeed, it does appear that no-one has yet reported phonological priming effects in such situations. The question of whether it is possible to observe phonological priming in such situations was more fully examined in the present experiments. Experiment 1 involved a masked priming SDT using Japanese Kanji script in which the primes and targets were homophonic but shared no characters. Experiment 2 was a parallel experiment using Chinese stimuli. In both experiments, phonological priming effects were observed for both one- and two-character words. These experiments indicate that, although the priming effects in masked priming SDTs undoubtedly have a strong orthographic basis, phonological codes also play a role even when the prime and (word) target are written in the same script.
诺里斯、木下和同事们（木下和诺里斯，《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆与认知》，35（1），1-18，2009；《实验心理学杂志：一般》，137（3），434-455，2010；诺里斯和木下，《实验心理学季刊》，63（1），194-204，2008）认为，掩蔽启动异同判断任务（SDT）是研究正字法编码过程的绝佳工具，因为在大多数情况下，该任务的表现完全由正字法编码驱动。更具体地说，尽管有证据表明存在语音影响（即 SDT 中的语音启动效应），但木下、盖德和诺里斯（《实验心理学杂志：人类感知与表现》，44（11），1661-1671，2018）声称，当启动和目标都用相同的脚本书写且目标是单词时，即最典型的实验情况，SDT 中不会出现语音启动。事实上，似乎没有人在这种情况下报告过语音启动效应。在这种情况下，是否有可能观察到语音启动，这在本实验中得到了更全面的检验。实验 1 使用日语汉字脚本进行掩蔽启动 SDT，其中启动和目标是同音异义词，但没有共享字符。实验 2 是一个使用中文刺激的平行实验。在这两个实验中，对于单字符和双字符单词都观察到了语音启动效应。这些实验表明，尽管掩蔽启动 SDT 中的启动效应无疑具有很强的正字法基础，但即使启动和（单词）目标是用相同的脚本书写，语音代码也会起作用。
