Leino T, Tammilehto L, Hytönen M, Sala E, Paakkulainen H, Kanerva L
Department of Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998 Oct;24(5):398-406. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.361.
The occurrence and causes of hairdressers' occupational skin and respiratory diseases were studied.
Of a random sample of 500 female hairdressers aged 15-54 years, 355 were available for study. Of the 189 reporting work-related skin and respiratory symptoms in a computer-aided telephone interview on exposure and health, 130 underwent a physical examination, lung function tests, prick and patch testing, and nasal and lung provocation tests. An occupational disease was diagnosed when the causality between exposure and disease was probable and the clinical tests supported the diagnosis.
The telephone interview revealed a life-time prevalence of 16.9% for hand dermatoses, 16.9% for allergic rhinitis, and 4.5% for asthma among the hairdressers. In the clinical investigations, the prevalence was 2.8% for occupational dermatoses, 1.7% for occupational rhinitis, and 0.8% for occupational asthma. Ammonium persulfate caused 90% of the respiratory diseases and 27% of the hand dermatoses. Paraphenylenediamine, natural rubber latex, and skin irritation were also causes of hand dermatitis. Allergy to human dandruff (8.6%) and Pityrosporum ovale (12.1%) was common. Previously diagnosed atopic diseases increased the risk for occupational skin or respiratory disease 3-fold (odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1-7.9). Of the cases, 37.5% (6 of 16 persons) had to change occupations during a 3-year follow-up.
Work-related skin and respiratory symptoms are common among hairdressers. Often a specific cause (eg, ammonium persulfate) can be found if occupational diseases are suspected and diagnosed. Hairdressers with atopic diseases are at risk of developing occupational skin and respiratory diseases.
研究美发师职业性皮肤和呼吸道疾病的发生情况及病因。
在随机抽取的500名年龄在15至54岁的女性美发师样本中，355人可供研究。在一次关于接触与健康的计算机辅助电话访谈中，有189人报告了与工作相关的皮肤和呼吸道症状，其中130人接受了体格检查、肺功能测试、点刺和斑贴试验以及鼻和肺激发试验。当接触与疾病之间的因果关系可能存在且临床检查支持诊断时，诊断为职业病。
电话访谈显示，美发师中手部皮肤病的终生患病率为16.9%，过敏性鼻炎为16.9%，哮喘为4.5%。在临床调查中，职业性皮肤病的患病率为2.8%，职业性鼻炎为1.7%，职业性哮喘为0.8%。过硫酸铵导致了90%的呼吸道疾病和27%的手部皮肤病。对苯二胺、天然橡胶乳胶和皮肤刺激也是手部皮炎的病因。对人头皮屑（8.6%）和卵圆形糠秕孢子菌（12.1%）过敏很常见。先前诊断的特应性疾病使职业性皮肤或呼吸道疾病的风险增加了3倍（比值比2.9，95%置信区间1.1 - 7.9）。在这些病例中，37.5%（16人中的6人）在3年随访期间不得不更换职业。
与工作相关的皮肤和呼吸道症状在美发师中很常见。如果怀疑并诊断为职业病，通常可以找到特定病因（如过硫酸铵）。患有特应性疾病的美发师有患职业性皮肤和呼吸道疾病的风险。
