Viegi G, Pedreschi M, Baldacci S, Chiaffi L, Pistelli F, Modena P, Vellutini M, Di Pede F, Carrozzi L
CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology and Cardiopulmonary Department, University and Hospital of Pisa, Italy.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999 Nov;3(11):1034-42.
Four cross-sectional general population surveys in Italy: northern rural Po Delta area (1980-1982, n = 3284; 1988-1991, n = 2841), and central urban Pisa area (1985-1988, n = 3865; 1991-1993, n = 2841).
To analyse changes in prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms and diseases.
Prospective epidemiological studies by standardised interviewer-administered questionnaire.
Prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms and diseases tended to be higher in males (except for dyspnea and pleuritis), in the urban area (more polluted), and in the second surveys; moreover, they increased with age. Asthma peaked in those aged under 25 years and over 64 years. The highest prevalence rates were shown by current smokers of both sexes for all respiratory symptoms and by ex-smoker males for all respiratory diseases, while female current smokers reported chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma more frequently. The most clear-cut trend towards increase between the two surveys within each area was exhibited by wheeze and asthma.
These findings highlight the relevance of sex, age and smoking habit, as well as the possible effects of air pollution, in relation to respiratory symptoms. They also indicate a trend towards an increase in asthma symptoms in Italian general population samples in the 1990s, and an under-estimate of medically diagnosed chronic respiratory diseases.
在意大利进行的四项横断面普通人群调查：北部农村波河三角洲地区（1980 - 1982年，n = 3284；1988 - 1991年，n = 2841），以及中部城市比萨地区（1985 - 1988年，n = 3865；1991 - 1993年，n = 2841）。
分析呼吸道症状和疾病患病率的变化。
通过标准化访员管理问卷进行的前瞻性流行病学研究。
呼吸道症状和疾病的患病率在男性中往往较高（呼吸困难和胸膜炎除外），在城市地区（污染更严重）以及第二次调查中更高；此外，患病率随年龄增长而增加。哮喘在25岁以下和64岁以上人群中达到峰值。所有呼吸道症状的男女当前吸烟者以及所有呼吸道疾病的男性既往吸烟者的患病率最高，而女性当前吸烟者报告慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和哮喘的频率更高。每个地区两次调查之间最明显的增加趋势体现在喘息和哮喘上。
这些发现突出了性别、年龄和吸烟习惯的相关性，以及空气污染与呼吸道症状的可能影响。它们还表明，20世纪90年代意大利普通人群样本中哮喘症状有增加趋势，且医学诊断的慢性呼吸道疾病存在低估情况。
