Galletly C A, Clark C R, MacFarlane A C
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia.
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 Mar;25(2):117-24.
Cognitive dysfunction is a common, chronically disabling component of schizophrenia. It has been proposed that many of the symptoms of schizophrenia can be understood as a result of disruption of fundamental cognitive processes. This paper reviews treatment strategies aimed at improving cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Nonpharmacologic interventions include instruction in the performance of tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Mixed results have been achieved, but it appears that instruction methods involving reinforcement of information held in working memory are more successful. Computer-aided remediation has also been used with variable success. Novel antipsychotic drugs appear to have an advantage over conventional antipsychotic drugs in terms of their effect on cognitive function. The development of more precisely tailored methods of remedial teaching, along with optimal pharmacologic treatment, may lead to more effective treatment of cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.
认知功能障碍是精神分裂症常见的、导致长期残疾的一个组成部分。有人提出，精神分裂症的许多症状可被理解为基本认知过程受到干扰的结果。本文综述了旨在改善精神分裂症患者认知功能的治疗策略。非药物干预措施包括指导患者完成诸如威斯康星卡片分类测验等任务。虽然取得了好坏参半的结果，但似乎涉及强化工作记忆中信息的指导方法更为成功。计算机辅助矫正也已被使用，效果不一。新型抗精神病药物在对认知功能的影响方面似乎比传统抗精神病药物更具优势。开发更精确的针对性补救教学方法，再加上最佳药物治疗，可能会使精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍得到更有效的治疗。
