Labbok M H
Nutritional and Maternal Health Division, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Feb;48(1):143-58. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70290-x.
In the rush to find nutrient alternatives to breastfeeding, a theme that dominated research on infant feeding throughout the twentieth century, only recently have new findings that reconfirm the importance of breastfeeding for maternal and child health begun to influence medical texts and health policy. Approximately 30 years of increasingly rigorous and positive research findings have led to the rediscovery of breastfeeding as a valid and evidence-based health intervention for infants. Unfortunately, because much of the research was designed to assess human milk as a nutrient replacement for infant formula, the literature on the effects of breastfeeding on maternal health remain limited. Nonetheless, a clear pattern of positive physiologic changes that lead to improved short-term and long-term health sequelae are emerging. All patients and their families should be informed fully as to the positive preventive health effects of breastfeeding not only for infants but also for mothers. Women have many difficult choices to make; it behooves physicians to ensure that they receive all of the facts on which to base these decisions.
在急于寻找母乳喂养替代品的过程中（这一主题在整个二十世纪主导了婴儿喂养研究），直到最近，那些再次证实母乳喂养对母婴健康重要性的新发现才开始影响医学文献和卫生政策。大约30年来越来越严格且积极的研究结果，使得母乳喂养作为一种对婴儿有效的、有循证依据的健康干预措施得以重新发现。不幸的是，由于许多研究旨在评估母乳作为婴儿配方奶粉的营养替代品，关于母乳喂养对母亲健康影响的文献仍然有限。尽管如此，一种导致短期和长期健康后遗症改善的明显积极生理变化模式正在显现。所有患者及其家属都应充分了解母乳喂养不仅对婴儿而且对母亲的积极预防性健康影响。女性有许多艰难的选择要做；医生有责任确保她们了解所有这些决策所依据的事实。
