Stout N, Linn H
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA.
Inj Prev. 2001 Sep;7 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i11-4. doi: 10.1136/ip.7.suppl_1.i11.
Injury as a major public health problem, although noted as early as the 1930s, was not widely accepted by the public health community until the 1980s. Over recent decades, there have been a number of strategic plans developed to prevent and control occupational injuries. These plans have been remarkably consistent in that many of the same recommendations surfaced despite different planners from different eras. The recommendations also generally align with the steps in the public health approach. Although recognition of the relevance of the public health approach to traumatic occupational injury came decades ago, significant barriers have inhibited its full implementation. Today, these barriers are being overcome, due to improved surveillance, increased collaborations among disciplines, increasing partnerships with industry, improved prevention evaluation methods, cost analysis models, and increasing funding. Of course, many of the experiences in the United States are paralleled in other countries in the Western world, and even in some developing countries. Substantial progress has been made in recent years in identifying problems and developing solutions, in addressing the recommendations of decades of planning, and of building the scientific foundation necessary to guide prevention. As a result, traumatic occupational injury research must begin to increase focus on bringing the public health process full circle, including the implementation and evaluation of preventive strategies and interventions. Now, the final steps of the process need our attention-evaluating the effectiveness of these solutions and then getting knowledge and products onto the shop floor, the construction site, and the farm, the convenience store, and the delivery truck; getting effective prevention into the workplace. Now is the time to close the loop, from science to prevention.
伤害作为一个主要的公共卫生问题，尽管早在20世纪30年代就已被注意到，但直到20世纪80年代才被公共卫生界广泛接受。在最近几十年里，已经制定了一些预防和控制职业伤害的战略计划。这些计划非常一致，尽管不同时代的规划者不同，但许多相同的建议都出现了。这些建议也通常与公共卫生方法的步骤相一致。尽管几十年前就认识到公共卫生方法与创伤性职业伤害的相关性，但重大障碍阻碍了其全面实施。如今，由于监测的改善、各学科之间合作的增加、与行业伙伴关系的增加、预防评估方法的改进、成本分析模型以及资金的增加，这些障碍正在被克服。当然，美国的许多经验在西方世界的其他国家甚至一些发展中国家也有类似情况。近年来，在识别问题和制定解决方案、落实几十年规划的建议以及建立指导预防所需的科学基础方面取得了重大进展。因此，创伤性职业伤害研究必须开始更加注重使公共卫生过程形成一个完整的循环，包括预防策略和干预措施的实施与评估。现在，这个过程的最后几步需要我们关注——评估这些解决方案的有效性，然后将知识和产品应用到车间、建筑工地、农场、便利店和送货车上；将有效的预防措施应用到工作场所。现在是时候完成从科学到预防的闭环了。
