Hanton Sheldon, Connaughton Declan
School of Sport, Physical Education and Recreation at the University of Wales Institute, Cyncoed, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 2002 Mar;73(1):87-97. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2002.10608995.
This study examined performers' retrospective explanations of the relationship between anxiety symptoms, self-confidence, and performance. Interviews were used to determine how the presence of symptoms and the accompanying directional interpretation affected performance in six elite and six subelite swimmers. Causal networks revealed that perceived control was the moderatingfactor in the directional interpretation of anxiety and not the experience of anxiety symptoms alone. Symptoms perceived to be under control were interpreted to have facilitative consequences for performance; however, symptoms not under control were viewed as debilitative. Increases or decreases in self-confidence wereperceived to improve or lower performance. Findings reveal how cognitive and somatic information was processed, what strategies were adopted, and how this series of events related to performance.
本研究考察了运动员对焦虑症状、自信心和表现之间关系的回顾性解释。通过访谈来确定症状的存在以及随之而来的定向解释如何影响6名精英游泳运动员和6名非精英游泳运动员的表现。因果网络显示，感知到的控制是焦虑定向解释中的调节因素，而不仅仅是焦虑症状的体验。被认为处于可控状态的症状被解释为对表现有促进作用；然而，不受控制的症状则被视为具有削弱作用。自信心的增强或减弱被认为会提高或降低表现。研究结果揭示了认知和躯体信息是如何被处理的、采用了哪些策略，以及这一系列事件与表现是如何相关的。
