Valacchi Giuseppe, van der Vliet Albert, Schock Bettina C, Okamoto Tatsuya, Obermuller-Jevic Ute, Cross Carroll E, Packer Lester
Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Toxicology. 2002 Sep 30;179(1-2):163-70. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00240-8.
Ozone (O(3)) is among the most reactive environmental oxidant to which skin is exposed. O(3) exposure has previously been shown to induce antioxidant depletion as well as lipid and protein oxidation in the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC), but little is known regarding the potential effects of O(3) on the skin epidermis and dermis. To evaluate such skin responses to O(3), SKH-1 hairless mice were exposed for 2 h to 8.0 ppm O(3) or to ambient air. O(3) exposure caused a significant increase in skin carbonyls (28%) compared to the skin of air exposed control animals. An evident increase in 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts was detected after O(3) exposure. O(3) exposure caused a rapid up-regulation of HSP27 (20-fold), and more delayed induction of HSP70 (2.8-fold) and heme oxygenase-1 (5-fold). O(3) exposure also led to the induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 6-12 h following O(3) exposure. We conclude that skin exposure to high levels of O(3) not only affects antioxidant levels and oxidation markers in the SC, but also induces stress responses in the active layers of the skin, most likely by indirect mechanisms, since it is unlikely that O(3) itself penetrates the protective SC layers.
臭氧（O₃）是皮肤所接触到的最具反应性的环境氧化剂之一。先前的研究表明，暴露于臭氧环境会导致最外层皮肤即角质层（SC）中的抗氧化剂消耗以及脂质和蛋白质氧化，但对于臭氧对皮肤表皮和真皮的潜在影响却知之甚少。为了评估皮肤对臭氧的这种反应，将SKH - 1无毛小鼠暴露于8.0 ppm的臭氧或环境空气中2小时。与暴露于空气的对照动物的皮肤相比，臭氧暴露导致皮肤羰基含量显著增加（28%）。臭氧暴露后检测到4 - 羟基壬烯醛 - 蛋白质加合物明显增加。臭氧暴露导致HSP27迅速上调（20倍），HSP70和血红素加氧酶 - 1的诱导则更为延迟（分别为2.8倍和5倍）。臭氧暴露还在暴露后6 - 12小时导致一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的诱导。我们得出结论，皮肤暴露于高浓度臭氧不仅会影响角质层中的抗氧化剂水平和氧化标志物，还会在皮肤的活性层中诱导应激反应，最有可能是通过间接机制，因为臭氧本身不太可能穿透保护性的角质层。
