Sebastian Anthony, Frassetto Lynda A, Sellmeyer Deborah E, Merriam Renée L, Morris R Curtis
Department of Medicine and the General Clinical Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;76(6):1308-16. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1308.
Natural selection has had < 1% of hominid evolutionary time to eliminate the inevitable maladaptations consequent to the profound transformation of the human diet resulting from the inventions of agriculture and animal husbandry.
The objective was to estimate the net systemic load of acid (net endogenous acid production; NEAP) from retrojected ancestral preagricultural diets and to compare it with that of contemporary diets, which are characterized by an imbalance of nutrient precursors of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions that induces a lifelong, low-grade, pathogenically significant systemic metabolic acidosis.
Using established computational methods, we computed NEAP for a large number of retrojected ancestral preagricultural diets and compared them with computed and measured values for typical American diets.
The mean (+/- SD) NEAP for 159 retrojected preagricultural diets was -88 +/- 82 mEq/d; 87% were net base-producing. The computational model predicted NEAP for the average American diet (as recorded in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) as 48 mEq/d, within a few percentage points of published measured values for free-living Americans; the model, therefore, was not biased toward generating negative NEAP values. The historical shift from negative to positive NEAP was accounted for by the displacement of high-bicarbonate-yielding plant foods in the ancestral diet by cereal grains and energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods in the contemporary diet-neither of which are net base-producing.
The findings suggest that diet-induced metabolic acidosis and its sequelae in humans eating contemporary diets reflect a mismatch between the nutrient composition of the diet and genetically determined nutritional requirements for optimal systemic acid-base status.
在人类进化历程中，自然选择仅有不到1%的时间来消除因农业和畜牧业发明导致人类饮食发生深刻变革而不可避免产生的适应不良。
估计根据推测得出的祖先农业出现之前的饮食的净全身酸负荷（净内源性酸产生量；NEAP），并将其与当代饮食的净全身酸负荷进行比较。当代饮食的特点是氢和碳酸氢根离子的营养前体失衡，会引发终生的、低度的、具有致病意义的全身代谢性酸中毒。
我们使用既定的计算方法，计算了大量根据推测得出的祖先农业出现之前的饮食的NEAP，并将其与典型美国饮食的计算值和测量值进行比较。
159种根据推测得出的农业出现之前的饮食的平均（±标准差）NEAP为-88±82 mEq/天；87%的饮食产生净碱。该计算模型预测美国平均饮食（如第三次全国健康和营养检查调查中所记录）的NEAP为48 mEq/天，与已发表的自由生活美国人的测量值相差几个百分点；因此，该模型不会偏向于产生负NEAP值。NEAP从负到正的历史转变是由于祖先饮食中高碳酸氢盐产量的植物性食物被当代饮食中的谷物和能量密集、营养匮乏的食物所取代，而这两种食物都不会产生净碱。
研究结果表明，食用当代饮食的人群中，饮食诱导的代谢性酸中毒及其后遗症反映了饮食的营养成分与为实现最佳全身酸碱状态而由基因决定的营养需求之间的不匹配。
