Brown Blakely D, Thomas William, Hutchins Andrea, Martini Margaret C, Slavin Joanne L
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Nutr Cancer. 2002;43(1):22-30. doi: 10.1207/S15327914NC431_2.
Fourteen premenopausal women participated in a randomized, crossover controlled feeding study of three diets, each two menstrual cycles long. We compared a high saturated fat Western diet (control diet) with two other diets: the control diet plus soy protein (soy diet) and the control diet with polyunsaturated fat (PUFA diet) replacing most of the saturated fat. We measured reproductive and serum hormones, urinary estrogen metabolites and isoflavonoids, and menstrual cycle length. In the follicular phase, prolactin concentrations significantly decreased by 3.6 micrograms/dl (P = 0.047), follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations slightly increased by 0.1 IU/l (P = 0.076), and cortisol concentrations slightly decreased by 81.8 nmol/l (P = 0.088) with the PUFA diet vs. the control diet. The soy diet slightly increased menstrual cycle length by 1.8 +/- 0.7 days (P = 0.088) and significantly increased (P < 0.0001) urinary isoflavonoid excretion. These well-controlled diets did not affect serum estrogens or urinary estrogen metabolites, suggesting that type of fat or consumption of soy with a high saturated fat diet may not alter breast cancer risk by these mechanisms.
14名绝经前女性参与了一项随机交叉对照喂养研究，该研究涉及三种饮食，每种饮食持续两个月经周期。我们将高饱和脂肪的西方饮食（对照饮食）与另外两种饮食进行了比较：对照饮食加大豆蛋白（大豆饮食）以及用多不饱和脂肪（PUFA饮食）替代大部分饱和脂肪的对照饮食。我们测量了生殖激素和血清激素、尿雌激素代谢物和异黄酮，以及月经周期长度。在卵泡期，与对照饮食相比，PUFA饮食使催乳素浓度显著降低3.6微克/分升（P = 0.047），促卵泡激素浓度略有升高0.1国际单位/升（P = 0.076），皮质醇浓度略有降低81.8纳摩尔/升（P = 0.088）。大豆饮食使月经周期长度略有增加1.8±0.7天（P = 0.088），并显著增加（P < 0.0001）尿异黄酮排泄。这些严格控制的饮食并未影响血清雌激素或尿雌激素代谢物，这表明脂肪类型或在高饱和脂肪饮食中摄入大豆可能不会通过这些机制改变乳腺癌风险。
