Williams Linda E, Martin Jeanne E
Methodist Healthcare System, San Antonio, Tex 78229, USA.
J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2003 Apr-Jun;17(2):158-63. doi: 10.1097/00005237-200304000-00008.
Premature infants and infants with special needs are being discharged home at smaller weights and earlier postconceptional ages. This presents a challenge to safely transporting these infants in car seats. Car seat technology has not kept abreast of advances experienced in neonatal medical technology. Several studies have demonstrated that preterm infants are at risk for apnea, bradycardia, and oxygen desaturations while being transported in traditional car seats. The American Academy of Pediatrics issued policy statements recommending that all infants less than 37 weeks of gestational age be monitored in a car seat safety test prior to discharge. This article reviews current literature on implementing car seat safety testing in hospitals and the results of a research survey of newborn nursery and neonatal intensive care units across the United States to evaluate the status of these facilities in implementing car seat safety testing programs. The results show that many level II and level III units have begun to implement car seat safety programs despite the lack of literature and guidelines available on how to develop a program. Although most programs monitored the same criteria, there were variations in length of testing, which infants were tested, and recommendations for the infants who failed the testing.
早产婴儿和有特殊需求的婴儿正以更低的体重和更早的孕龄出院回家。这给在汽车座椅中安全运送这些婴儿带来了挑战。汽车座椅技术未能跟上新生儿医疗技术的发展步伐。多项研究表明，早产婴儿在使用传统汽车座椅运送时存在呼吸暂停、心动过缓和血氧饱和度下降的风险。美国儿科学会发布政策声明，建议所有孕周小于37周的婴儿在出院前进行汽车座椅安全测试。本文回顾了当前关于在医院实施汽车座椅安全测试的文献，以及对美国各地新生儿病房和新生儿重症监护病房的一项研究调查结果，以评估这些机构在实施汽车座椅安全测试项目方面的状况。结果显示，尽管缺乏关于如何制定项目的文献和指南，但许多二级和三级机构已开始实施汽车座椅安全项目。虽然大多数项目监测的标准相同，但在测试时长、哪些婴儿接受测试以及对测试不合格婴儿的建议方面存在差异。
