Boggild Andrea K, From Lynn
Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Cutan Med Surg. 2003 Jul-Aug;7(4):292-9. doi: 10.1007/s10227-003-0126-9. Epub 2003 Jul 28.
It has long been recognized that compliance with recommended sun safety practices is suboptimal, yet few investigations have explored the barriers that people face in practicing good sun safety. In this context, barriers can exist at the following three levels: knowledge of sun safety, acquisition of sun safety information, and implementation of specific sun protective measures.
The investigation reported herein sought to elucidate barriers to sun safety that individuals face. Ultimately, this study aimed to qualify the possible barriers that lead to a misalignment of current recommendations and sun safety practices.
The study design was observational, and the instrument used for data collection was a self-administered questionnaire. Thirty-four outpatients of the RK Schachter Dermatology Centre of Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre (SWCHSC), Toronto, Ontario, as well as 27 outpatients of the Sport Care facility of SWCHSC were enrolled in the study. They represent the target population of those who are at greater risk of developing sun-related skin lesions. Data were analyzed using standard parametric and nonparametric techniques. Comparisons were made between the two outpatient groups and between other groups within the sample.
In general, level of sun safety knowledge was fairly high, though compliance to sun safety measures was suboptimal in both populations. There were no significant differences regarding level of knowledge between the 2 outpatient groups. Deficiencies in knowledge centered around risk factors for skin cancer. Frequently cited barriers to sun safety include inconvenience (34% of respondents), forgetting to use sun safety measures (49%), a desire to be tanned (33%), and protective clothing being too hot to wear (56%). High compliers were notable for their great likelihood of being counseled by a physician about sun safety ( P < 0.025) and their slightly higher mean knowledge scores.
These data support that knowledge alone does not predict compliance and that sun awareness campaigns should be evaluated based on their ability to affect behavior.
长期以来，人们一直认识到遵守推荐的防晒措施并不理想，但很少有调查探讨人们在践行良好防晒措施时所面临的障碍。在这种情况下，障碍可能存在于以下三个层面：防晒知识、获取防晒信息以及实施具体的防晒措施。
本文所报告的调查旨在阐明个人面临的防晒障碍。最终，本研究旨在确定导致当前建议与防晒措施不一致的可能障碍。
研究设计为观察性研究，用于数据收集的工具是一份自填式问卷。安大略省多伦多市桑尼布鲁克与女子学院健康科学中心（SWCHSC）的RK沙克特皮肤科中心的34名门诊患者以及SWCHSC运动护理设施的27名门诊患者参与了该研究。他们代表了患与阳光相关皮肤病变风险较高的目标人群。使用标准参数和非参数技术对数据进行分析。对两个门诊患者组之间以及样本中的其他组之间进行了比较。
总体而言，防晒知识水平相当高，尽管两个人群对防晒措施的遵守情况都不理想。两个门诊患者组在知识水平方面没有显著差异。知识缺陷集中在皮肤癌的风险因素上。经常被提及的防晒障碍包括不便（34%的受访者）、忘记采取防晒措施（49%）、想要晒黑（33%）以及防护服穿着太热（56%）。高依从者的显著特点是很有可能接受医生关于防晒的建议（P < 0.025）以及他们的平均知识得分略高。
这些数据支持仅靠知识并不能预测依从性，并且应该根据其影响行为的能力来评估防晒宣传活动。
