Steckel Hartwig, Eskandar Fadi
Christian Albrecht University, Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2003 Aug;19(5):443-55. doi: 10.1016/s0928-0987(03)00148-9.
Nebulization of aqueous solutions is a convenient delivery system to deliver drugs to the lungs because it can produce droplets small enough to reach the alveolar region. However, the droplet size might be affected by the changes in the temperature and the concentration of the nebulizing solution in the reservoir during nebulization. In this study, the changes in the droplet size over the nebulization time using a PariBoy air-jet and a Multisonic ultrasonic nebulizer have been studied. The findings were related to changes in the temperature, concentration, surface tension, viscosity and saturated vapour pressure of the nebulizing solution. By using the jet nebulizer, an increase in the droplet size followed by a decrease has been observed. This observation could be attributed to the approx. 7 degrees C reduction of the temperature during the first 2 min in the jet nebulizer reservoir which increased the viscosity of the nebulizing solution. After this initial period of time, the increasing drug concentration induced a reduction of the surface tension and, consequently, a decrease in the droplet size. However, with the ultrasonic nebulizer a temperature increase of approx. 20 degrees C during the first 6 min in the nebulizing solution was observed leading to a decrease in droplet size, viscosity and surface tension and an increasing saturated vapour pressure. This again led to smaller average droplet sizes.
雾化水溶液是一种将药物输送到肺部的便捷给药系统，因为它能产生足够小的液滴以到达肺泡区域。然而，在雾化过程中，液滴大小可能会受到储液器中雾化溶液温度和浓度变化的影响。在本研究中，使用帕里博伊空气喷射雾化器和多超声雾化器研究了雾化过程中液滴大小随时间的变化。研究结果与雾化溶液的温度、浓度、表面张力、粘度和饱和蒸气压的变化有关。使用喷射雾化器时，观察到液滴大小先增加后减小。这种现象可能归因于喷射雾化器储液器在前2分钟内温度大约降低了7摄氏度，这增加了雾化溶液的粘度。在这段初始时间之后，药物浓度的增加导致表面张力降低，从而使液滴大小减小。然而，使用超声雾化器时，观察到雾化溶液在前6分钟内温度大约升高了20摄氏度，导致液滴大小、粘度和表面张力减小，饱和蒸气压增加。这再次导致平均液滴尺寸更小。
