Ballesteros Michael F, Dischinger Patricia C, Langenberg Patricia
University of Maryland, The Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. National Study Center For Trauma and EMS, 701 West Pratt Street, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2004 Jan;36(1):73-81. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00129-x.
Pedestrian deaths constitute the second largest category of motor vehicle deaths in the US. The present study examined how pedestrian injury is associated with vehicle type, while controlling for vehicle weight and speed.Police, trauma registry, and autopsy data were linked for injured pedestrians. Logistic regression analyses were performed to control for vehicle weight and speed. Outcomes included pedestrian mortality, injury severity score, and injuries to specific body regions. Compared to conventional cars, pedestrians hit by sport utility vehicles and pick-up trucks were more likely to have higher injury severity scores (odds ratio=1.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.18-1.87) and to die (odds ratio=1.72; 95% confidence interval: 1.31-2.28). These relationships diminished when vehicle weight and speed were controlled for. At lower speeds, pedestrians struck by sport utility vehicles, pick-up trucks, and vans were approximately two times as likely to have traumatic brain, thoracic, and abdominal injuries; at higher speeds, there was no such association. The overall increased danger sport utility vehicles and pick-up trucks present to pedestrians may be explained by larger vehicle masses and faster speeds. At slower speeds being hit by sport utility vehicles, and pick-up trucks, and vans resulted in specific injuries, indicating that vehicle design may contribute to different injury patterns.
行人死亡是美国机动车死亡的第二大类别。本研究在控制车辆重量和速度的同时，考察了行人受伤情况与车辆类型之间的关联。将警方、创伤登记处和尸检数据与受伤行人的数据进行了关联。进行了逻辑回归分析以控制车辆重量和速度。结果包括行人死亡率、损伤严重程度评分以及特定身体部位的损伤情况。与传统汽车相比，被运动型多用途汽车和皮卡撞到的行人更有可能有更高的损伤严重程度评分（比值比=1.48；95%置信区间：1.18 - 1.87）且更有可能死亡（比值比=1.72；95%置信区间：1.31 - 2.28）。当控制车辆重量和速度时，这些关系减弱。在较低速度下，被运动型多用途汽车、皮卡和厢式货车撞到的行人发生创伤性脑损伤、胸部损伤和腹部损伤的可能性大约是两倍；在较高速度下，不存在这种关联。运动型多用途汽车和皮卡对行人造成的总体危险增加可能是由于车辆质量更大和速度更快。在较慢速度下被运动型多用途汽车、皮卡和厢式货车撞到会导致特定损伤，这表明车辆设计可能导致不同的损伤模式。
