Schmucker Uli, Beirau Melissa, Frank Matthias, Stengel Dirk, Matthes Gerrit, Ekkernkamp Axel, Seifert Julia
Dept of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Dept of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Strasse 7, 12683 Berlin, Germany.
J Trauma Manag Outcomes. 2010 Feb 16;4(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1752-2897-4-2.
Pedestrians are at a high risk for crash and injury. This study aims at comparing data from real world crashes with data gathered from experimental settings.
IMPAIR (In-Depth Medical Pedestrian Accident Investigation and Reconstruction) was a prospective, observational study performed in a metropolitan area. Data was collected on-scene, from clinical records, and interviews. Data comprise crash data, details on injury pattern and injury severity.
Thirty-seven pedestrians (of which 19 males) with a mean 37.1 years of age were included in the study. The mean collision speed was 49.5 km/h (SD 13.7, range, 28 - 93). The mean ISS (31.0, SD 25.4) and the 24% fatality rate indicate a substantial trauma load. The most common AIS 4+ injuries were to the head (23 subjects), followed by chest (8), pelvis (4), and abdomen (2). An association of impact side and injury side (right/left) was found for abdominal, chest, pelvic, and upper limb injuries. Primary head impacts were documented on the windscreen (19 subjects), hood (10), A-pillar (2), and edge of the car roof (2). With bivariate analysis, a significant increase of MAIS 4+ head injury risk was found for collision speeds of >40 km/h (OR 9.00, 95% CI 1.96-41.36).
The real-world data from this study is in agreement with previous findings from biomechanical models and other simulations. This data suggest that there may be reason to include further pedestrian regulations in EuroNCAP.
行人遭遇碰撞和受伤的风险很高。本研究旨在比较来自现实世界碰撞的数据与从实验环境中收集的数据。
IMPAIR（深入医学行人事故调查与重建）是在一个大都市地区进行的一项前瞻性观察性研究。数据通过现场收集、临床记录和访谈获取。数据包括碰撞数据、损伤模式和损伤严重程度的详细信息。
37名行人（其中19名男性）被纳入研究，平均年龄为37.1岁。平均碰撞速度为49.5公里/小时（标准差13.7，范围28 - 93）。平均损伤严重度评分（ISS）为31.0（标准差25.4），24%的死亡率表明创伤负担较重。最常见的简明损伤定级（AIS）4级及以上损伤部位是头部（23例），其次是胸部（8例）、骨盆（4例）和腹部（2例）。发现腹部、胸部、骨盆和上肢损伤的撞击侧与损伤侧（右/左）存在关联。主要头部撞击记录在挡风玻璃上（19例）、发动机罩上（10例）、A柱上（2例）和车顶边缘（2例）。通过双变量分析，发现碰撞速度>40公里/小时时，简明损伤定级4级及以上头部损伤风险显著增加（比值比9.00，95%置信区间1.96 - 41.36）。
本研究的现实世界数据与之前生物力学模型和其他模拟的结果一致。这些数据表明，可能有理由在欧洲新车评估程序（EuroNCAP）中纳入更多行人相关法规。
