Pedersen B K, Steensberg A, Fischer C, Keller C, Keller P, Plomgaard P, Febbraio M, Saltin B
The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2003;24(2-3):113-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1026070911202.
For years the search for the stimulus that initiates and maintains the change of excitability or sensibility of the regulating centers in exercise has been progressing. For lack of more precise knowledge, it has been called the 'work stimulus', 'the work factor' or 'the exercise factor'. In other terms, one big challenge for muscle and exercise physiologists has been to determine how muscles signal to central and peripheral organs. Here we discuss the possibility that interleukin-6 (IL-6) could mediate some of the health beneficial effects of exercise. In resting muscle, the IL-6 gene is silent, but it is rapidly activated by contractions. The transcription rate is very fast and the fold changes of IL-6 mRNA is marked. IL-6 is released from working muscles into the circulation in high amounts. The IL-6 production is modulated by the glycogen content in muscles, and IL-6 thus works as an energy sensor. IL-6 exerts its effect on adipose tissue, inducing lipolysis and gene transcription in abdominal subcutaneous fat and increases whole body lipid oxidation. Furthermore, IL-6 inhibits low-grade TNF-alpha-production and may thereby inhibit TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance and atherosclerosis development. We propose that IL-6 and other cytokines, which are produced and released by skeletal muscles, exerting their effects in other organs of the body, should be named 'myokines'.
多年来，对于引发并维持运动中调节中枢兴奋性或敏感性变化的刺激因素的探寻一直在进行。由于缺乏更精确的认识，它被称作“工作刺激”“工作因子”或“运动因子”。换言之，肌肉和运动生理学家面临的一大挑战是确定肌肉如何向中枢和外周器官发出信号。在此，我们讨论白细胞介素-6（IL-6）可能介导运动对健康有益作用的可能性。在静息肌肉中，IL-6基因处于沉默状态，但会被收缩迅速激活。转录速率非常快，IL-6信使核糖核酸的倍数变化显著。IL-6从工作的肌肉大量释放到循环中。IL-6的产生受肌肉中糖原含量的调节，因此IL-6起到能量传感器的作用。IL-6对脂肪组织发挥作用，诱导腹部皮下脂肪的脂肪分解和基因转录，并增加全身脂质氧化。此外，IL-6抑制低度肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的产生，从而可能抑制TNF-α诱导的胰岛素抵抗和动脉粥样硬化发展。我们提出，由骨骼肌产生并释放、在身体其他器官发挥作用的IL-6和其他细胞因子应被命名为“肌动蛋白”。
