Banerjee Alok K, Mandal Amritlal, Chanda Dipanjan, Chakraborti Sajal
Department of Physical Education, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Nov;253(1-2):307-12. doi: 10.1023/a:1026032404105.
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a normal process in the life of aerobic organisms. Under physiological conditions, these deleterious species are mostly removed by the cellular antioxidant systems, which include antioxidant vitamins, protein and non-protein thiols, and antioxidant enzymes. Since the antioxidant reserve capacity in most tissues is rather marginal, strenuous physical exercise characterized by a remarkable increase in oxygen consumption with concomitant production of ROS presents a challenge to the antioxidant systems. An acute bout of exercise at sufficient intensity has been shown to stimulate activities of antioxidant enzymes. This could be considered as a defensive mechanism of the cell under oxidative stress. However, prolonged heavy exercise may cause a transient reduction of tissue vitamin E content and a change of glutathione redox status in various body tissues. Deficiency of antioxidant nutrients appears to hamper antioxidant systems and augment exercise-induced oxidative stress and tissue damage. Chronic exercise training seems to induce activities of antioxidant enzymes and perhaps stimulate GSH levels in body fluids. Recent research suggest that supplementation of certain antioxidant nutrients are necessary for physically active individuals.
活性氧（ROS）的产生是需氧生物生命中的正常过程。在生理条件下，这些有害物质大多被细胞抗氧化系统清除，该系统包括抗氧化维生素、蛋白质和非蛋白质硫醇以及抗氧化酶。由于大多数组织中的抗氧化储备能力相当有限，以耗氧量显著增加并伴随ROS产生为特征的剧烈体育锻炼对抗氧化系统构成了挑战。已表明一次足够强度的急性运动可刺激抗氧化酶的活性。这可被视为细胞在氧化应激下的一种防御机制。然而，长时间的剧烈运动可能导致组织维生素E含量暂时降低以及身体各组织中谷胱甘肽氧化还原状态的改变。抗氧化营养素的缺乏似乎会妨碍抗氧化系统，并加剧运动诱导的氧化应激和组织损伤。长期运动训练似乎会诱导抗氧化酶的活性，或许还会刺激体液中的谷胱甘肽水平。最近的研究表明，对于身体活跃的个体而言，补充某些抗氧化营养素是必要的。
