航空公司飞行员的宇宙辐射与癌症死亡率：一项欧洲队列研究（ESCAPE）的结果
Cosmic radiation and cancer mortality among airline pilots: results from a European cohort study (ESCAPE).
作者信息
Langner I, Blettner M, Gundestrup M, Storm H, Aspholm R, Auvinen A, Pukkala E, Hammer G P, Zeeb H, Hrafnkelsson J, Rafnsson V, Tulinius H, De Angelis G, Verdecchia A, Haldorsen T, Tveten U, Eliasch H, Hammar N, Linnersjö A
机构信息
School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 100 131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
出版信息
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2004 Feb;42(4):247-56. doi: 10.1007/s00411-003-0214-7. Epub 2003 Nov 28.
Cosmic radiation is an occupational risk factor for commercial aircrews. In this large European cohort study (ESCAPE) its association with cancer mortality was investigated on the basis of individual effective dose estimates for 19,184 male pilots. Mean annual doses were in the range of 2-5 mSv and cumulative lifetime doses did not exceed 80 mSv. All-cause and all-cancer mortality was low for all exposure categories. A significant negative risk trend for all-cause mortality was seen with increasing dose. Neither external and internal comparisons nor nested case-control analyses showed any substantially increased risks for cancer mortality due to ionizing radiation. However, the number of deaths for specific types of cancer was low and the confidence intervals of the risk estimates were rather wide. Difficulties in interpreting mortality risk estimates for time-dependent exposures are discussed.
宇宙辐射是商业机组人员面临的职业风险因素。在这项大型欧洲队列研究（ESCAPE）中，基于对19184名男性飞行员的个体有效剂量估计，研究了其与癌症死亡率的关联。年平均剂量在2至5毫希沃特范围内，累积终生剂量不超过80毫希沃特。所有暴露类别中的全因死亡率和全癌症死亡率都很低。随着剂量增加，全因死亡率呈现显著的负风险趋势。外部和内部比较以及巢式病例对照分析均未显示因电离辐射导致癌症死亡率有任何实质性增加。然而，特定类型癌症的死亡人数较少，风险估计的置信区间相当宽。文中讨论了在解释时间依赖性暴露的死亡率风险估计时遇到的困难。
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