Hiilamo H
National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Lintulahdenkuja 4, 00530 Helsinki, Finland.
Tob Control. 2003 Dec;12(4):414-23. doi: 10.1136/tc.12.4.414.
To identify and explain tobacco industry strategy in undermining tobacco control measures in Finland and results of these interferences in tobacco policy development during the 1980s and early 1990s.
Tobacco industry documents, which have been publicly available on the internet as a result of litigation in the USA, were analysed. Documents were sought by Finland and by names of organisations and tobacco control activists. Documents were accessed and assessed between September 2000 and November 2002. Tactics of the tobacco industry activities were categorised as presented by Saloojee and Dagli.
The international tobacco companies utilised similar strategies in Finland as in other industrial markets to fight tobacco control and legislation, the health advocacy movement, and litigation. These activities slowed down the development and implementation of the Tobacco Act in Finland. However, despite the extensive pressure, the industry was not able to prevent the most progressive tobacco legislation in Europe from being passed and coming into force in Finland in 1977 and in 1995.
Denying the health hazards caused by tobacco-despite indisputable scientific evidence-decreased the credibility of the tobacco industry. Strategy of denial was falsely chosen, as health advocacy groups were active both in society and the parliamentary system. The strong influence of the tobacco industry may have in fact increased the visibility of tobacco control in Finland as the litigation process was also drawing attention to negative health effects of tobacco. Therefore the tobacco industry did not manage to convince public opinion. However, the tobacco industry did obtain experience in Finland in how to object to tobacco control measures.
识别并解释烟草行业在芬兰破坏烟草控制措施的策略，以及这些干扰在20世纪80年代和90年代初对烟草政策制定产生的影响。
对因美国诉讼而在互联网上公开的烟草行业文件进行分析。通过芬兰以及组织和烟草控制活动家的名称来查找文件。在2000年9月至2002年11月期间获取并评估文件。按照萨洛吉和达格利提出的方式对烟草行业活动策略进行分类。
国际烟草公司在芬兰采用了与在其他工业市场类似的策略来对抗烟草控制和立法、健康倡导运动及诉讼。这些活动减缓了芬兰《烟草法案》的制定和实施。然而，尽管面临巨大压力，该行业仍无法阻止欧洲最先进的烟草立法于1977年和1995年在芬兰通过并生效。
尽管有确凿的科学证据，但否认烟草造成的健康危害降低了烟草行业的可信度。选择否认策略是错误的，因为健康倡导团体在社会和议会体系中都很活跃。烟草行业的强大影响力实际上可能提高了芬兰烟草控制的知名度，因为诉讼过程也让人们关注到烟草对健康的负面影响。因此，烟草行业未能说服公众舆论。不过，烟草行业在芬兰确实获得了如何反对烟草控制措施的经验。
