Krueger P M, Bond Huie S A, Rogers R G, Hummer R A
Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004 Mar;58(3):223-30. doi: 10.1136/jech.2003.011874.
To examine whether measures of neighbourhood economic deprivation, social disorganisation, and acculturation explain homicide mortality differentials between Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic black Americans, and non-Hispanic white Americans, net of individual factors.
Prospective study, National Health Interview Survey (1986-1994) linked to subsequent mortality in the National Death Index (1986-1997).
United States of America.
A nationally representative sample of non-institutionalised Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic black Americans, and non-Hispanic white Americans, aged 18-50 at the point of interview.
Cox proportional hazard models estimate the risk of death associated with various neighbourhood and individual factors.
Both individual and neighbourhood risk factors partially account for race/ethnic disparities in homicide. Homicide mortality risks are between 20% and 50% higher for residents of areas that have economic inequality of 0.50 or greater based on the coefficient of variation, or where 4% or more of the residents are Mexican American, 10% or more of the residents are non-Hispanic black, or 20% or more of the households are headed by single parents (p< or = 0.05). But residents of areas where 10% or more of their neighbours are foreign born have 35% lower mortality risks than people living in areas with fewer foreign born people (p< or =0.05). These differences persist even after controlling for individual level risk factors.
The findings support economic deprivation, social disorganisation, and acculturation theories, and suggest that both neighbourhood and individual risk factors affect race/ethnic differences in homicide mortality. Public health policies must focus on both individual and neighbourhood factors to reduce homicide risks in vulnerable populations.
在排除个体因素的情况下，研究邻里经济剥夺、社会失序和文化适应指标是否能够解释墨西哥裔美国人、非西班牙裔美国黑人和非西班牙裔美国白人之间的凶杀死亡率差异。
前瞻性研究，将1986 - 1994年全国健康访谈调查与1986 - 1997年国家死亡指数中的后续死亡率相联系。
美利坚合众国。
在访谈时年龄为18 - 50岁的非机构化墨西哥裔美国人、非西班牙裔美国黑人和非西班牙裔美国白人的全国代表性样本。
Cox比例风险模型估计与各种邻里和个体因素相关的死亡风险。
个体和邻里风险因素都部分解释了凶杀案中的种族/族裔差异。基于变异系数，经济不平等程度为0.50或更高的地区居民，或者4%或更多居民为墨西哥裔美国人、10%或更多居民为非西班牙裔黑人、或20%或更多家庭由单亲当家的地区居民，其凶杀死亡率风险要高出20%至50%（p≤0.05）。但是，邻居中10%或更多为外国出生的地区居民，其死亡风险比外国出生人口较少地区的居民低35%（p≤0.05）。即使在控制了个体层面的风险因素之后，这些差异仍然存在。
研究结果支持经济剥夺、社会失序和文化适应理论，并表明邻里和个体风险因素都会影响凶杀死亡率中的种族/族裔差异。公共卫生政策必须关注个体和邻里因素，以降低弱势群体中的凶杀风险。
