Cooke Elizabeth F
Department of Philosophy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 98178, USA.
J Med Philos. 2003 Oct-Dec;28(5-6):635-53. doi: 10.1076/jmep.28.5.635.18816.
Pragmatic bioethics represents a novel approach to the discipline of bioethics, yet has met with criticisms which have beset the discipline of bioethics in the past. In particular, pragmatic bioethics has been criticized for its excessively fuzzy approach to fundamental questions of normativity, which are crucial to a field like bioethics. Normative questions need answers, and consensus is not always enough. The approach here is to apply elements of the discourse ethics of Habermas and Putnam to the sphere of bioethics, in order to develop a normative structure out of the framework of bioethical inquiry as it stands. The idea here is that the process of inquiry contains its own normative structure as it aims to discover norms. Such an approach, which fuses pragmatic bioethics with discourse ethics (which equally draws on pragmatism), may rightly be called a "Pragmatic Discourse Bioethics."
实用主义生物伦理学代表了生物伦理学学科的一种新方法，但也遭到了过去困扰生物伦理学学科的批评。特别是，实用主义生物伦理学因其对规范性基本问题的处理方式过于模糊而受到批评，而这些问题对于生物伦理学这样的领域至关重要。规范性问题需要答案，而共识并不总是足够的。这里的方法是将哈贝马斯和普特南的话语伦理学要素应用于生物伦理学领域，以便从现有的生物伦理学探究框架中发展出一种规范性结构。这里的想法是，探究过程包含其自身的规范性结构，因为它旨在发现规范。这种将实用主义生物伦理学与同样借鉴实用主义的话语伦理学相融合的方法，或许可以恰当地称为“实用主义话语生物伦理学”。
