香烟自动售货机上的锁定装置：一项城市条例的评估
Locking devices on cigarette vending machines: evaluation of a city ordinance.
作者信息
Forster J L, Hourigan M E, Kelder S
机构信息
University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Minneapolis 55454.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1992 Sep;82(9):1217-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.9.1217.
OBJECTIVES
Policymakers, researchers, and citizens are beginning to recognize the need to limit minors' access to tobacco by restricting the sale of cigarettes through vending machines. One policy alternative that has been proposed by the tobacco industry is a requirement that vending machines be fitted with electronic locking devices. This study evaluates such a policy as enacted in St. Paul, Minn.
METHODS
A random sample of vending machine locations was selected for cigarette purchase attempts conducted before implementation and at 3 and 12 months postimplementation.
RESULTS
The rate of noncompliance by merchants was 34% after 3 months and 30% after 1 year. The effect of the law was to reduce the ability of a minor to purchase cigarettes from locations originally selling cigarettes through vending machines from 86% at baseline to 36% at 3 months. The purchase rate at these locations rose to 48% at 1 year.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that cigarette vending machine locking devices may not be as effective as vending machine bans and require additional enforcement to ensure compliance with the law.
目标
政策制定者、研究人员和公民开始认识到有必要通过限制自动售货机销售香烟来限制未成年人获取烟草。烟草行业提出的一项政策选择是要求自动售货机安装电子锁定装置。本研究评估了明尼苏达州圣保罗市实施的此类政策。
方法
在实施前以及实施后3个月和12个月，选取自动售货机地点的随机样本进行购买香烟的尝试。
结果
3个月后商家违规率为34%，1年后为30%。该法律的效果是，未成年人从最初通过自动售货机销售香烟的地点购买香烟的能力从基线时的86%降至3个月时的36%。这些地点的购买率在1年后升至48%。
结论
我们的结果表明，香烟自动售货机锁定装置可能不如禁止使用自动售货机有效，需要额外的执法措施以确保法律得到遵守。
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