DiFranza J R, Savageau J A, Aisquith B F
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1996 Feb;86(2):221-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.2.221.
This study evaluated the influence of age, gender, vending machine lockout devices, and tobacco industry-sponsored voluntary compliance programs ("It's the Law" programs) on underage youths' ability to purchase tobacco.
Twelve youths made 480 attempts to purchase tobacco in Massachusetts from over-the-counter retailers and vending machines with and without remote control lockout devices. Half the vendors were participating in It's the Law programs.
In communities with no requirements for lockout devices, illegal sales were far more likely from vending machines than from over-the-counter sources (odds ratio [OR] = 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.3, 10.3). Locks on vending machines made them equivalent to over-the-counter sources in terms of illegal sales to youths. Vendors participating in It's the Law programs were as likely to make illegal sales as nonparticipants (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.57, 1.35). Girls and youths 16 years of age and older were more successful at purchasing tobacco.
The It's the Law programs are ineffective in preventing illegal sales. While locks made vending machines equivalent to over-the-counter sources in their compliance with the law, they are not a substitute for law enforcement.
本研究评估了年龄、性别、自动售货机锁定装置以及烟草行业赞助的自愿合规计划（“依法行事”计划）对未成年青少年购买烟草能力的影响。
12名青少年在马萨诸塞州尝试从有遥控锁定装置和没有遥控锁定装置的非处方零售商及自动售货机购买烟草，共进行了480次尝试。一半的供应商参与了“依法行事”计划。
在对锁定装置没有要求的社区，自动售货机的非法销售比非处方渠道更有可能发生（优势比[OR]=5.9，95%置信区间[CI]=3.3，10.3）。就向青少年的非法销售而言，自动售货机上的锁使其与非处方渠道相当。参与“依法行事”计划的供应商进行非法销售的可能性与未参与者相同（OR=0.87，95%CI=0.57，1.35）。女孩和16岁及以上的青少年购买烟草更成功。
“依法行事”计划在防止非法销售方面无效。虽然锁使自动售货机在守法方面与非处方渠道相当，但它们不能替代执法。
