Congdon Nathan, Vingerling Johannes R, Klein Barbara E K, West Sheila, Friedman David S, Kempen John, O'Colmain Benita, Wu Suh-Yuh, Taylor Hugh R
Wilmer Eye Institute, Wilmer 120, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2004 Apr;122(4):487-94. doi: 10.1001/archopht.122.4.487.
To determine the prevalence of cataract and pseudophakia/aphakia in the United States and to project the expected change in these prevalence figures by 2020.
Summary prevalence estimates of cataract and of pseudophakia/aphakia were prepared separately for black, white, and Hispanic persons (for whom only cataract surgery data were available) in 5-year age intervals starting at 40 years for women and men. The estimates were based on a standardized definition of various types of cataract: cortical, greater than 25% of the lens involved; posterior subcapsular, present according to the grading system used in each study; and nuclear, greater than or equal to the penultimate grade in the system used. Data were collected from major population-based studies in the United States, and, where appropriate, Australia, Barbados, and Western Europe. The age-, gender-, and race/ethnicity-specific rates were applied to 2000 US Census data, and projected population figures for 2020, to obtain overall estimates.
An estimated 20.5 million (17.2%) Americans older than 40 years have cataract in either eye, and 6.1 million (5.1%) have pseudophakia/aphakia. Women have a significantly (odds ratio = 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-1.50) higher age-adjusted prevalence of cataract than men in the United States. The total number of persons who have cataract is estimated to rise to 30.1 million by 2020; and for those who are expected to have pseudophakia/aphakia, to 9.5 million.
The number of Americans affected by cataract and undergoing cataract surgery will dramatically increase over the next 20 years as the US population ages.
确定美国白内障及人工晶状体植入/无晶状体眼的患病率，并预测到2020年这些患病率的预期变化。
分别针对年龄从40岁开始的5岁间隔年龄段的黑人、白人及西班牙裔人群（仅获得白内障手术数据），编制白内障及人工晶状体植入/无晶状体眼的患病率汇总估计值。这些估计值基于各种类型白内障的标准化定义：皮质性白内障，晶状体受累超过25%；后囊下白内障，根据各研究使用的分级系统确定；核性白内障，在所用系统中大于或等于倒数第二级。数据收集自美国以及在适当情况下澳大利亚、巴巴多斯和西欧的主要基于人群的研究。将特定年龄、性别和种族/族裔的患病率应用于2000年美国人口普查数据以及2020年的预计人口数字，以获得总体估计值。
估计40岁以上的美国人中有2050万（17.2%）一只眼睛患有白内障，610万（5.1%）患有人工晶状体植入/无晶状体眼。在美国，女性经年龄调整后的白内障患病率显著高于男性（优势比 = 1.37；95%置信区间，1.26 - 1.50）。预计到2020年，患有白内障的总人数将增至3010万；预计患有人工晶状体植入/无晶状体眼的人数将增至950万。
随着美国人口老龄化，未来20年受白内障影响并接受白内障手术的美国人数量将大幅增加。
