Kosterman Rick, Hawkins J David, Abbott Robert D, Hill Karl G, Herrenkohl Todd I, Catalano Richard F
Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA.
Prev Sci. 2005 Mar;6(1):21-33. doi: 10.1007/s11121-005-1250-0.
Drawing on diverse approaches to the study of youth development and adult functioning, as well as social capital and citizenship, this investigation identifies measures of positive adult behavior. Although prevention researchers study protective factors, as well as risk factors, for problem behaviors and other negative outcomes, less attention is given to positive behavior outcomes and there is little understanding of the relationships between positive and negative outcomes. Analyses included 765 participants from the Seattle Social Development Project interviewed at age 21. Seven measures of positive adult behavior were identified: volunteerism, group involvement, neighborliness, interpersonal connection, constructive engagement, financial responsibility, and honesty. Measures related to distal social relationships (group involvement and neighborliness) had relatively weak associations with crime and substance use. In contrast, the measures of constructive engagement, financial responsibility, and honesty had significant negative associations with multiple measures of crime and substance use. Results indicate that the seven measures provide relatively independent variables useful for assessing positive adult behavior. These measures can be used to assess positive outcomes in adulthood of intervention studies, or to assess the prevalence of positive adult behavior in different populations or groups.
本研究借鉴了青少年发展与成人功能研究、社会资本与公民身份研究的多种方法，确定了积极成人行为的衡量标准。尽管预防研究人员研究了问题行为和其他负面结果的保护因素以及风险因素，但对积极行为结果的关注较少，对积极结果与消极结果之间的关系也了解甚少。分析纳入了来自西雅图社会发展项目的765名参与者，他们在21岁时接受了访谈。确定了七种积极成人行为的衡量标准：志愿服务、群体参与、邻里关系、人际关系、建设性参与、财务责任和诚实。与远端社会关系相关的衡量标准（群体参与和邻里关系）与犯罪和物质使用的关联相对较弱。相比之下，建设性参与、财务责任和诚实的衡量标准与多种犯罪和物质使用的衡量标准存在显著负相关。结果表明，这七种衡量标准提供了相对独立的变量，有助于评估积极的成人行为。这些衡量标准可用于评估干预研究在成年期的积极结果，或评估不同人群或群体中积极成人行为的流行程度。
