Schneider Sven, Schmitt Holger, Zoller Silke, Schiltenwolf Marcus
Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 May;78(4):253-69. doi: 10.1007/s00420-004-0576-4. Epub 2005 Apr 12.
To investigate the prevalence of back pain in the German working population and the relationship between back pain and workplace stresses, lifestyle and social factors.
The first National Health Survey of the Federal Republic of Germany was carried out between October 1997 and March 1999. It comprised a representative epidemiological cross-sectional study of the working population, with a total sample of 3,488 persons between the ages of 18 and 69 years. The participants took part in a medical examination and answered a self-rating questionnaire. The relationship between subjective back pain and workplace stresses and social and lifestyle factors was investigated with bivariate tests and multiple logistical regression analyses.
The 7-day prevalence for back pain in the German working population was found to be 34%, and the 1-year prevalence was 60%. The odds ratios were significantly higher in women, persons of lower socioeconomic status, married and depressed persons and non-athletes. Carrying heavy loads or maintaining a single working posture were the most significant work-related correlates of back pain, for members of both the female and male working population, while environmental stress and psychological stress correlated significantly with back pain in men only.
This study reports the first representative epidemiological prevalence data for back pain, and its correlates and potential risk factors, for the German working population. To reduce the negative impact of back pain the most promising behavioural and conditional prevention measures in the workplace would be to reduce carrying stress and to vary working posture. In addition, a more active, athletic lifestyle, plus the avoidance of being overweight, should provide an additional protective or preventive effect.
调查德国劳动人口中背痛的患病率，以及背痛与工作场所压力、生活方式和社会因素之间的关系。
1997年10月至1999年3月期间开展了德意志联邦共和国首次全国健康调查。该调查包括一项针对劳动人口的具有代表性的流行病学横断面研究，共有3488名年龄在18至69岁之间的人员作为样本。参与者接受了医学检查并回答了一份自评问卷。通过双变量检验和多元逻辑回归分析，研究了主观背痛与工作场所压力以及社会和生活方式因素之间的关系。
德国劳动人口中背痛的7天患病率为34%，1年患病率为60%。女性、社会经济地位较低者、已婚者、抑郁者和非运动员的比值比显著更高。搬运重物或保持单一工作姿势是背痛最显著的与工作相关的因素，对男女劳动人口均如此，而环境压力和心理压力仅与男性的背痛显著相关。
本研究报告了德国劳动人口中背痛的首批具有代表性的流行病学患病率数据及其相关因素和潜在风险因素。为减少背痛的负面影响，工作场所最有前景的行为和条件预防措施是减轻搬运压力并改变工作姿势。此外，更积极的运动型生活方式以及避免超重应能提供额外的保护或预防作用。
