Herbarth Olf, Fritz Gisela J, Rehwagen Martina, Richter Matthias, Röder Stefan, Schlink Uwe
Department of Human Exposure Research and Epidemiology, UFZ Leipzig-Halle, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006 May;209(3):241-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.01.003. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Other factors besides a genetic disposition seem to play a role in the development of allergic disorders. Exposure to risk factors such as indoor air pollution is becoming increasingly interesting, especially during early childhood.
Within an epidemiological study (LISS: Leipzig infection, allergy and airway diseases study among school starters, involving 2536 children, birth cohort 1991/92, carried out in 1997/98) the effect of indoor exposure on physician-confirmed eczema and allergic symptoms has been investigated. The exposure situation has been characterized on hand of the redecoration activities (painting, floor covering and new furniture) before birth and in the first years of life.
Highly exposed children showed a significant effect on allergic disorders. The lifetime prevalences without any vs. all three redecoration activities were for allergic symptoms 9.3% vs. 17.2% and for eczema 11.5% vs. 20.4%. Adjusted for confounders, the redecoration associated burden led to odds ratios of 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3-2.6) for allergic symptoms and 1.9 (95% CI: 1.4-2.7) for eczema.
Exposure emissions due to redecoration activities seem to be associated with the risk of eczema and allergic symptoms. Thus, prevention of allergic disorders should include the avoidance of such activities around birth and in the first year of life.
除遗传因素外，其他因素似乎也在过敏性疾病的发展中起作用。接触室内空气污染等风险因素正变得越来越受到关注，尤其是在幼儿期。
在一项流行病学研究（LISS：莱比锡学龄儿童感染、过敏和气道疾病研究，涉及2536名儿童，出生队列1991/92，于1997/98年开展）中，研究了室内接触对医生确诊的湿疹和过敏症状的影响。根据出生前和生命最初几年的重新装修活动（油漆、地板覆盖物和新家具）来描述接触情况。
高暴露儿童在过敏性疾病方面显示出显著影响。未进行任何重新装修活动与进行所有三项重新装修活动的儿童相比，过敏症状的终生患病率分别为9.3%和17.2%，湿疹的终生患病率分别为11.5%和20.4%。在对混杂因素进行调整后，与重新装修相关的负担导致过敏症状的比值比为1.8（95%置信区间：1.3 - 2.6），湿疹的比值比为1.9（95%置信区间：1.4 - 2.7）。
重新装修活动产生的接触排放似乎与湿疹和过敏症状的风险相关。因此，预防过敏性疾病应包括在出生前后和生命的第一年避免此类活动。
