Tarczy-Hornoch Kristina, Ying-Lai Mei, Varma Rohit
Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 May;47(5):1845-52. doi: 10.1167/iovs.05-1153.
To estimate gender- and age-specific prevalence of myopia and identify risk indicators for myopia in a population-based sample of Latino adults aged 40 years and older in La Puente, California.
Noncycloplegic automated refraction with supplemental standardized subjective refraction was performed for presenting visual acuity worse than 20/20. Potential risk indicators for myopia were evaluated by questionnaire and clinical examination. The gender- and age-specific prevalence of spherical equivalent myopia in phakic eyes was calculated. Multiple logistic regression identified independent risk indicators for myopia.
Refractive error was analyzed for the worse eye of 5927 of 6357 participating Latinos. The overall prevalence of myopia < or = -1.0 D was 16.8%, and of high myopia < or = -5.0 D, 2.4%. When participants were stratified by age, myopia initially decreased with age and then increased in the oldest groups in association with nuclear opacification. Risk indicators for myopia were: oldest and youngest age groups, presence of diabetes mellitus, high acculturation, high school or higher education, and birth in the United States. The latter two were also predictors of high myopia.
Risk indicators for myopia in adult Latinos include higher education, birth in the United States, high acculturation, and diabetes. The burden of myopia in older Latinos exceeds that in African Americans and non-Hispanic whites in the United States.
在加利福尼亚州拉蓬特市40岁及以上拉丁裔成年人的基于人群的样本中，评估近视的性别和年龄特异性患病率，并确定近视的风险指标。
对视力低于20/20的受试者进行非散瞳自动验光，并辅以标准化主观验光。通过问卷和临床检查评估近视的潜在风险指标。计算有晶状体眼等效球镜近视的性别和年龄特异性患病率。多因素logistic回归确定近视的独立风险指标。
对6357名参与研究的拉丁裔中5927人的较差眼进行了屈光不正分析。近视（≤-1.0 D）的总体患病率为16.8%，高度近视（≤-5.0 D）的患病率为2.4%。按年龄分层时，近视最初随年龄下降，然后在最年长组中随着核混浊而增加。近视的风险指标为：最年长和最年轻年龄组、糖尿病、高文化适应度、高中及以上学历以及在美国出生。后两项也是高度近视的预测因素。
成年拉丁裔近视的风险指标包括高等教育、在美国出生、高文化适应度和糖尿病。在美国，年长拉丁裔的近视负担超过非裔美国人和非西班牙裔白人。
