Battilani P, Giorni P, Bertuzzi T, Formenti S, Pietri A
Institute of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Sep 1;111 Suppl 1:S53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.03.006. Epub 2006 May 19.
The objective of this research was to investigate the presence of black aspergilli in grapes grown in Italy and to study the effect of environmental and cultural factors able to influence fungal incidence and ochratoxin A (OTA) presence. In this 3-year study, black aspergilli were frequently associated with grape berries; they were present in bunches starting from setting, colonising most berries at early veraison. Aspergillus carbonarius was never dominant at the different growth stages, or in different geographic areas and years, but it was confirmed as the key fungus because of the high percentage of strong OTA producer isolates in the population. The number of OTA producer strains, isolated in each vineyard at the different growth stages, was generally very limited and they were never statistically correlated to OTA content in bunches. The effect of geographic area on fungal flora was confirmed by statistical analysis, even though a major role was played by meteorological conditions, both on fungal colonisation and OTA content in bunches. Discriminant analysis gave promising perspectives for predicting OTA presence in vineyards in the future, based on summation of degree-day and rain in the period between 21st of August and 10th of September.
本研究的目的是调查意大利种植的葡萄中黑曲霉的存在情况，并研究能够影响真菌发生率和赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）存在的环境和栽培因素的影响。在这项为期3年的研究中，黑曲霉经常与葡萄浆果相关联；它们从坐果期开始就存在于果穗中，在转色初期侵染了大多数浆果。在不同的生长阶段、不同的地理区域和年份，黑曲霉炭团菌从未占主导地位，但由于该种群中产生OTA的强毒株比例较高，它被确认为关键真菌。在每个葡萄园的不同生长阶段分离出的产生OTA的菌株数量通常非常有限，并且它们与果穗中的OTA含量从未有统计学上的相关性。统计分析证实了地理区域对真菌菌群的影响，尽管气象条件在真菌侵染和果穗中OTA含量方面都起到了主要作用。判别分析为未来基于8月21日至9月10日期间的度日总和与降雨量来预测葡萄园中OTA的存在提供了有前景的展望。
