Carpenter Shana K, DeLosh Edward L
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2006 Mar;34(2):268-76. doi: 10.3758/bf03193405.
In three experiments, we investigated the role of transfer-appropriate processing and elaborative processing in the testing effect In Experiment 1, we examined whether the magnitude of the testing effect reflects the match between intervening and final tests by factorially manipulating the type of intervening and final tests. Retention was not enhanced for matching, relative to mismatching, intervening and final tests, contrary to the transfer-appropriate-processing view. In Experiment 2, we examined final retention as a function of the number of cues needed to retrieve items on intervening cued recall tests. In this case, fewer retrieval cues were associated with better memory on the final test. Experiment 3 replicated the findings of Experiment 2 while controlling for individual item difficulty and directly manipulating the number of cues present. These findings suggest that an intervening test may be most beneficial to final retention when it provides more potential for elaborative processing
在三项实验中，我们研究了迁移适当加工和精细化加工在测试效应中的作用。在实验1中，我们通过对中间测试和最终测试的类型进行析因操纵，来检验测试效应的大小是否反映了中间测试和最终测试之间的匹配程度。与迁移适当加工观点相反，相对于不匹配的中间测试和最终测试，匹配的中间测试和最终测试并没有提高记忆保持效果。在实验2中，我们将最终记忆保持作为中间线索回忆测试中检索项目所需线索数量的函数进行了检验。在这种情况下，较少的检索线索与最终测试中更好的记忆相关。实验3在控制单个项目难度并直接操纵呈现线索数量的同时，重复了实验2的结果。这些发现表明，当中间测试提供更多精细化加工的可能性时，它可能对最终记忆保持最为有益。
