Carpenter Stephen R, Folke Carl
Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2006 Jun;21(6):309-15. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.02.007. Epub 2006 Mar 10.
Ecology has a key role in our understanding of the benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems (i.e. ecosystem services). Ecology can also contribute to developing environmentally sound technologies, markets for ecosystem services and approaches to decision-making that account for the changing relationship between humans and ecosystems. These contributions involve basic ecological research on, for example, the resilience of ecosystem services or relationships of ecosystem change to natural disasters. Much of the necessary work involves interdisciplinary collaboration among ecologists, social scientists and decision makers. As we discuss here, ecology should help formulate positive, plausible visions for relationships of society and ecosystems that can potentially sustain ecosystem services for long periods of time.
生态学在我们理解人类从生态系统中获得的益处（即生态系统服务）方面发挥着关键作用。生态学还可以促进开发环境友好型技术、生态系统服务市场以及考虑到人类与生态系统之间不断变化关系的决策方法。这些贡献涉及基础生态学研究，例如生态系统服务的恢复力或生态系统变化与自然灾害之间的关系。许多必要的工作需要生态学家、社会科学家和决策者之间的跨学科合作。正如我们在此所讨论的，生态学应有助于为社会与生态系统之间的关系制定积极、合理的愿景，这些愿景有可能长期维持生态系统服务。
