Anna State Hospital.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1972 Summer;5(2):131-7. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-131.
Many profoundly retarded children continue to crawl even though they can walk. Crawling and walking were viewed as two alternative response modes, both reinforced by movement. Children choose the one mode that is easier and faster for them. A training program was designed to increase the ease and speed of walking relative to that of crawling, and consisted of restraint-for-crawling and priming-of-walking. With the program, four retarded children reduced crawling and began to walk instead. When training was discontinued, two children with moderate walking impairment continued to walk rather than crawl. Two children with severe impairment of walking, however, required the occasional use of the restraint procedure to maintain walking as the dominant mode of locomotion. The program was easily administered, required little time, and was effective for all four children.
许多严重智障儿童尽管会走路但仍继续爬行。爬行和行走被视为两种可供选择的反应模式，都可以通过运动得到强化。儿童会选择对他们来说更容易和更快的模式。一个旨在增加行走相对于爬行的容易性和速度的训练计划，包括爬行约束和行走启动。通过该计划，四个智障儿童减少了爬行并开始行走。当训练停止时，两个行走障碍中等的孩子继续行走而不是爬行。然而，两个行走障碍严重的孩子则需要偶尔使用约束程序来维持行走作为主导的运动模式。该计划易于实施，所需时间很少，对所有四个孩子都有效。
