Kierson Jennifer A, Dimatteo Darlise M, Locke Robert G, Mackley Amy B, Spear Michael L
Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Acta Paediatr. 2006 Aug;95(8):991-5. doi: 10.1080/08035250600669769.
To determine whether ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are present in significant quantities in term and preterm human breast milk, and to identify their source.
Samples were collected from 10 mothers who delivered term infants and 10 mothers who delivered preterm infants. Estimated fat content was measured. Ghrelin and CCK levels were measured in whole and skim breast milk samples using radioimmunoassays (RIA). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using RNA from human mammary epithelial cells (hMECs) and mammary gland with primers specific to ghrelin.
The median ghrelin level in whole breast milk was 2125 pg/ml, which is significantly higher than normal plasma levels. There was a direct correlation between whole milk ghrelin levels and estimated milk fat content (r=0.84, p<0.001). Both the mammary gland and hMECs produced ghrelin. While CCK was detected in some samples, levels were insignificant. Infant gestational age, birthweight, maternal age, and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index did not significantly affect the results.
Ghrelin, but not CCK, is present in breast milk. Since the mammary gland produces ghrelin message, and ghrelin levels in breast milk are higher than those found in plasma, we conclude that ghrelin is produced and secreted by the breast.
确定胃饥饿素和胆囊收缩素（CCK）在足月和早产母乳中是否大量存在，并确定其来源。
从10名足月分娩的母亲和10名早产分娩的母亲中采集样本。测量估计的脂肪含量。使用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测量全脂和脱脂母乳样本中的胃饥饿素和CCK水平。使用来自人乳腺上皮细胞（hMECs）和乳腺的RNA，用胃饥饿素特异性引物进行逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）。
全脂母乳中胃饥饿素的中位数水平为2125 pg/ml，显著高于正常血浆水平。全脂母乳中胃饥饿素水平与估计的乳脂肪含量之间存在直接相关性（r = 0.84，p < 0.001）。乳腺和hMECs均产生胃饥饿素。虽然在一些样本中检测到了CCK，但其水平不显著。婴儿胎龄、出生体重、母亲年龄和母亲孕前体重指数对结果没有显著影响。
母乳中存在胃饥饿素，但不存在CCK。由于乳腺产生胃饥饿素信息，且母乳中的胃饥饿素水平高于血浆中的水平，我们得出结论，胃饥饿素由乳腺产生并分泌。
