Kazmi Shamim H, Naglik Julian R, Sweet Simon P, Evans Robert W, O'Shea Siobhan, Banatvala Jangu E, Challacombe Stephen J
Oral AIDS Research Unit, Department of Oral Medicine and Immunology, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, Floor 28, Guy's Tower, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006 Oct;13(10):1111-8. doi: 10.1128/CDLI.00426-05. Epub 2006 Aug 23.
Several human mucosal fluids are known to possess an innate ability to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and replication in vitro. This study compared the HIV-1 inhibitory activities of several mucosal fluids, whole, submandibular/sublingual (sm/sl), and parotid saliva, breast milk, colostrum, seminal plasma, and cervicovaginal secretions, from HIV-1-seronegative donors by using a 3-day microtiter infection assay. A wide range of HIV-1 inhibitory activity was exhibited in all mucosal fluids tested, with some donors exhibiting high levels of activity while others showed significantly lower levels. Colostrum, whole milk, and whole saliva possessed the highest levels of anti-HIV-1 activity, seminal fluid, cervicovaginal secretions, and sm/sl exhibited moderate levels, and parotid saliva consistently demonstrated the lowest levels of HIV-1 inhibition. Fast protein liquid chromatography gel filtration studies revealed the presence of at least three distinct peaks of inhibitory activity against HIV-1 in saliva and breast milk. Incubation of unfractionated and fractionated whole saliva with antibodies raised against human lactoferrin (hLf), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and, to a lesser extent, MG2 (high-molecular-weight mucinous glycoprotein) reduced the HIV-1 inhibitory activity significantly. The results suggest that hLf and SLPI are two key components responsible for HIV-1 inhibitory activity in different mucosal secretions. The variation in HIV inhibitory activity between the fluids and between individuals suggests that there may be major differences in susceptibility to HIV infection depending both on the individual and on the mucosal fluid involved.
已知几种人体黏膜液在体外具有抑制人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）感染和复制的先天能力。本研究通过三日微量滴定感染试验，比较了来自HIV-1血清阴性供体的几种黏膜液、全唾液、颌下/舌下（sm/sl）唾液、腮腺唾液、母乳、初乳、精液和宫颈阴道分泌物的HIV-1抑制活性。在所有测试的黏膜液中均表现出广泛的HIV-1抑制活性，一些供体表现出高水平的活性，而另一些则显著较低。初乳、全脂牛奶和全唾液具有最高水平的抗HIV-1活性，精液、宫颈阴道分泌物和sm/sl表现出中等水平，腮腺唾液始终表现出最低水平的HIV-1抑制。快速蛋白质液相色谱凝胶过滤研究表明，唾液和母乳中存在至少三个不同的针对HIV-1的抑制活性峰。用针对人乳铁蛋白（hLf）、分泌型白细胞蛋白酶抑制剂（SLPI）以及在较小程度上针对MG2（高分子量粘蛋白糖蛋白）产生的抗体孵育未分级和分级的全唾液，显著降低了HIV-1抑制活性。结果表明，hLf和SLPI是不同黏膜分泌物中负责HIV-1抑制活性的两个关键成分。不同液体之间以及个体之间HIV抑制活性的差异表明，个体和所涉及的黏膜液可能在对HIV感染的易感性方面存在重大差异。
