King P, Holdsworth S, Freezer N, Holmes P
Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Intern Med J. 2006 Nov;36(11):729-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01219.x.
Bronchiectasis is generally classified into cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. This review article describes non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults. Bronchiectasis can be considered a heterogeneous condition characterized by irreversible airway dilatation with chronic bronchial infection/inflammation. It remains a common condition and is a major cause of respiratory morbidity. Many factors are associated with bronchiectasis, but most commonly patients will have idiopathic disease. Important clinical findings include chronic productive cough, rhinosinusitis, fatigue and bi-basal crackles. Patients have usually had symptoms for many years. Diagnosis is confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography scanning using standardized criteria. Spirometry shows moderate airflow obstruction and there is a high prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity. The most common pathogens are non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There may be considerable overlap with other chronic airway diseases. Treatment regimens are still not well defined. Patients tend to have ongoing symptoms and decline in respiratory function despite treatment.
支气管扩张症通常分为囊性纤维化和非囊性纤维化支气管扩张症。这篇综述文章描述了成人非囊性纤维化支气管扩张症。支气管扩张症可被视为一种异质性疾病，其特征为伴有慢性支气管感染/炎症的不可逆气道扩张。它仍然是一种常见疾病，并且是呼吸疾病发病的主要原因。许多因素与支气管扩张症相关，但最常见的是患者患有特发性疾病。重要的临床发现包括慢性咳痰、鼻窦炎、疲劳和双下肺湿啰音。患者通常已有多年症状。通过使用标准化标准的高分辨率计算机断层扫描来确诊。肺功能测定显示中度气流受限，且支气管高反应性的患病率很高。最常见的病原体是不可分型的流感嗜血杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。它可能与其他慢性气道疾病有相当多的重叠。治疗方案仍未明确界定。尽管进行了治疗，患者往往仍有持续症状且呼吸功能下降。
