Albayrak A, van Veelen M A, Prins J F, Snijders C J, de Ridder H, Kazemier G
Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, Room; 10-1A-18, 2628, CE, Delft, The Netherlands.
Surg Endosc. 2007 Oct;21(10):1835-40. doi: 10.1007/s00464-007-9249-1. Epub 2007 Mar 14.
One of the main ergonomic problems during surgical procedures is the surgeon's awkward body posture, often accompanied by repetitive movements of the upper extremities, increased muscle activity, and prolonged static head and back postures. In addition, surgeons perform surgery so concentrated that they tend to neglect their posture. These observations suggest the advantage of supporting the surgeon's body during surgical procedures. This study aimed to design a body support and to test its potential.
The optimum working condition for a surgeon is a compromise between the spine and arm positions and the level of effort and fatigue experienced performing a procedure. The design vision of the Medisign group has led to the development of an ergonomic body support for surgeons that is suitable for use during both open and minimally invasive procedures. The feasibility of the newly designed ergonomic body support was assessed during seven surgical procedures. Electromyography (EMG) was performed for back and leg muscles using the body support in an experimental setting.
Six of seven participating surgeons indicated that the body support was comfortable, safe, and simple to use. The EMG results show that supporting the body is effective in reducing muscle activity. The average reduction using chest support was 44% for the erector spinae muscle, 20% for the semitendinosus muscle, and 74% for the gastrocnemius muscle. The average muscle reduction using semistanding support was 5% for the erector spinae, 12% for the semitendinosus muscle, and for 50% for the gastrocnemius muscle.
The results of this study imply that supporting the body is an effective way to reduce muscle activity, which over the long term may reduce physical problems and discomfort. Additionally, the product supports the surgeon in his natural posture during both open and minimally invasive procedures and can easily be adapted to the current layout of the operating theater.
外科手术过程中主要的人体工程学问题之一是外科医生尴尬的身体姿势，常伴有上肢的重复性动作、肌肉活动增加以及头部和背部长时间的静态姿势。此外，外科医生在手术时注意力高度集中，往往会忽视自己的姿势。这些观察结果表明在手术过程中支撑外科医生身体具有优势。本研究旨在设计一种身体支撑装置并测试其潜力。
外科医生的最佳工作条件是脊柱和手臂位置、手术过程中的努力程度和疲劳水平之间的折衷。Medisign团队的设计理念促成了一种适合外科医生在开放手术和微创手术中使用的人体工程学身体支撑装置的开发。在七台外科手术中评估了新设计的人体工程学身体支撑装置的可行性。在实验环境中使用该身体支撑装置对背部和腿部肌肉进行了肌电图（EMG）检测。
七名参与研究的外科医生中有六人表示该身体支撑装置舒适、安全且易于使用。肌电图结果表明支撑身体可有效降低肌肉活动。使用胸部支撑时，竖脊肌平均减少44%，半腱肌减少20%，腓肠肌减少74%。使用半站立支撑时，竖脊肌平均减少5%，半腱肌减少12%，腓肠肌减少50%。
本研究结果表明支撑身体是降低肌肉活动的有效方法，从长期来看可能减少身体问题和不适。此外，该产品在开放手术和微创手术过程中均能支撑外科医生保持自然姿势，并且可以轻松适应手术室的当前布局。
