Hosaka Kentaro, Bates Scott T, Beever Ross E, Castellano Michael A, Colgan Wesley, Domínguez Laura S, Nouhra Eduardo R, Geml József, Giachini Admir J, Kenney S Ray, Simpson Nicholas B, Spatafora Joseph W, Trappe James M
Department of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA.
Mycologia. 2006 Nov-Dec;98(6):949-59. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.949.
Molecular phylogenetic analyses for the gomphoid-phalloid fungi were conducted based on the five gene dataset with extensive taxon sampling. The monophyly of the gomphoid-phalloid clade was strongly supported, and four well supported major subclades were recognized. Three of the four subclades were represented entirely by gastroid taxa, and only Gomphales contained both gastroid and non-gastroid taxa. While the gastroid morphology is derived from epigeous, nongastroid taxa in Gomphales, the topology of Phallales indicated that truffle-like form is an ancestral morphology of the stinkhorn fruiting bodies. Although basidiospore maturation occurs within the enclosed fruiting bodies of the stinkhorn, the elevation of the mature spore-producing tissue represents an independent origin of the stipe among Basidiomycota. Comparisons are made between previous and new classification schemes, which are based on the results of phylogenetic analyses. Based on the results of these analyses, a new subclass Phallomycetidae, and two new orders, Hysterangiales and Geastrales, are proposed.
基于包含广泛分类群样本的五个基因数据集，对鹅膏菌科-鬼笔菌科真菌进行了分子系统发育分析。鹅膏菌科-鬼笔菌科分支的单系性得到了有力支持，并识别出四个得到充分支持的主要亚分支。四个亚分支中的三个完全由腹菌类群代表，只有鹅膏菌目同时包含腹菌类群和非腹菌类群。虽然腹菌形态源自鹅膏菌目中的地上非腹菌类群，但鬼笔菌目的拓扑结构表明，块菌状形态是鬼笔子实体的祖先形态。尽管担孢子在鬼笔封闭的子实体内成熟，但成熟产孢组织的提升代表了担子菌门中菌柄的独立起源。基于系统发育分析结果，对之前的分类方案和新的分类方案进行了比较。基于这些分析结果，提出了一个新的亚纲鬼笔菌亚纲，以及两个新目，腹菌目和地星目。
