Barnett Adrian G, Sans Susana, Salomaa Veikko, Kuulasmaa Kari, Dobson Annette J
School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.
Blood Press Monit. 2007 Jun;12(3):195-203. doi: 10.1097/MBP.0b013e3280b083f4.
To quantify the association between systolic blood pressure and season, indoor and outdoor temperature and short-term trends in outdoor temperature.
The study used data from the WHO MONICA Project risk factors surveys from 25 populations in 16 countries. Random samples of men and women aged 35-64 years were invited to participate. Systolic blood pressure measurements were available for 115 434 participants. Hierarchical models were used to quantify the association between blood pressure and temperature, and account for differences in the associations between populations.
Populations closer to the equator showed larger seasonal changes in blood pressure. A 1 degrees C increase in indoor temperature reduced systolic blood pressure by an average of 0.31 mmHg (95% posterior interval: -0.44, -0.19). A 1 degrees C increase in outdoor temperature reduced blood pressure by the smaller average of 0.19 mmHg (95% posterior interval: -0.26, -0.11). Increased outdoor, but not indoor, temperatures had a stronger effect in women than in men. The effect of outdoor temperature remained after controlling for indoor temperature. Short-term trends in temperature did not have a statistically signicant effect.
Indoor and outdoor temperature have independent effects on systolic blood pressure, and both should be controlled for in studies that measure blood pressure. Improved protection against cold temperatures could lead to a reduction in the winter excess of cardiovascular mortality.
量化收缩压与季节、室内外温度以及室外温度短期趋势之间的关联。
该研究使用了来自16个国家25个人群的世界卫生组织（WHO）莫尼卡项目危险因素调查的数据。邀请年龄在35 - 64岁的男性和女性随机样本参与。共有115434名参与者提供了收缩压测量值。采用分层模型来量化血压与温度之间的关联，并考虑不同人群之间关联的差异。
靠近赤道的人群血压的季节性变化更大。室内温度每升高1摄氏度，收缩压平均降低0.31 mmHg（95%后验区间：-0.44，-0.19）。室外温度每升高1摄氏度，血压平均降低幅度较小，为0.19 mmHg（95%后验区间：-0.26，-0.11）。室外温度升高（而非室内温度升高）对女性的影响比对男性更强。在控制室内温度后，室外温度的影响依然存在。温度的短期趋势没有统计学上的显著影响。
室内和室外温度对收缩压有独立影响，在测量血压的研究中都应加以控制。改善对低温的防护可能会降低冬季心血管死亡率的超额部分。
